Digestion

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  • Created by: Steph
  • Created on: 08-01-13 16:22
What are the monomers in proteins called?
Amino acids
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What is role of digestive enzymes?
To catalyse the hydrolysis of polymers so that they can be digested
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What is peristalsis?
Waves of muscle contractions that move food through the digestive system
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What is the name of the tube that takes from the mouth to the stomach?
Oesophagus
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What are the two main parts of the small intestine?
Ileum and Duodenum
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What substances are present in the duodenum and what do they do?
Bile and pancreatic juice neutralise the acidity of the chum and break it down into smaller molecules
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Where are the small soluble molecules absorbed and give 2 examples of these molecules
Through the villi that line the gut wall. 2 examples are glucose and amino acids
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What controls the entrance and exit of the stomach?
The sphincter muscles
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What do the stomach walls produce and what is the function of this product?
Gastric juice- helps break down food. Consists of hydrochloric acid, pepsin (an enzyme hydrolysing proteins) and mucus.
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What is chyme?
Food in the form of an acidic fluid
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What does the large intestine absorb?
Water, salts and minerals
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What provides a large surface area in the large intestine?
A folded wall
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What does saliva consist of and what role does it have in digestion?
Mucus, mineral salts and salivary amylase. It lubricates food to make it easier to swallow
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What does pancreatic juice contain?
Amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase and sodium hydrogencarbonate (neutralises acidity of HCl in stomach)
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What are the three classes of digestive enzymes?
Carbohydrases, proteases and lipases
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Describe the role of enzymes of the digestive system in the complete breakdown of starch
Salivary glands in mouth secrete salivary amylase, which catalyses the breakdown of starch into maltose. In ileum, maltase in membranes of ep cells hydrolyses maltose into 2 a-glucose molecules. Glucose can then be absorbed by ep cells into blood.
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Why do polymers have to be hydrolysed into their monomers?
Because they are insoluble
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What is 'digestion'?
The breakdown of large, complex, insoluble organic molecules into smaller, simpler, soluble molecules.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is role of digestive enzymes?

Back

To catalyse the hydrolysis of polymers so that they can be digested

Card 3

Front

What is peristalsis?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the name of the tube that takes from the mouth to the stomach?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are the two main parts of the small intestine?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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