Development Over the Lifespan
0.0 / 5
- Created by: megankosciow
- Created on: 29-05-22 14:22
ERIKSONS PSYCHOLOGICAL STAGES
(ages of development)
(ages of development)
Birth, 1year= basic trust vs mistrust-responsive care leads to trusting disposition.
1-3year= autonomy vs shame- using new skills to drive own behaviour.
3-6year= initiative vs guilt- imaginative play drives ambition and developing a sense of purpose.
1-3year= autonomy vs shame- using new skills to drive own behaviour.
3-6year= initiative vs guilt- imaginative play drives ambition and developing a sense of purpose.
1 of 21
Early Adulthood
COGNITIVE CHANGES
COGNITIVE CHANGES
-Some experience based skills, like face recognition, continue to improve with age (Meinhardt-Injac and Hildebrandt, 2016).
-According to Schale (1978) cognitive capacity does not normally exceed Piaget's operational stage.
-However, as we encounter mor
-According to Schale (1978) cognitive capacity does not normally exceed Piaget's operational stage.
-However, as we encounter mor
2 of 21
Schai (1977/8, cited by Schai and Wills, 2000), characterised the adult years in three stages.
(cognitive)
(cognitive)
1. Achieving stage: early adulthood characterised by adapting skills to a new task.
2. Responsibility stage: middle adulthood is about expanding responsibilities and confidence.
3. Re-intergrative stage: Late adulthood moves away from knowledge acquisit
2. Responsibility stage: middle adulthood is about expanding responsibilities and confidence.
3. Re-intergrative stage: Late adulthood moves away from knowledge acquisit
3 of 21
Early Adulthood
PHYSICAL CHANGES
PHYSICAL CHANGES
-Characterised by the body reaching maximum psychological capacity and efficiency- growing ends, physical peak reached (men around 30, women around 35)
-This is followed by the beginning of physical decline as natural ageing begins- in particular: vision
-This is followed by the beginning of physical decline as natural ageing begins- in particular: vision
4 of 21
Early Adulthood
EMOTIONAL CHANGES
EMOTIONAL CHANGES
-Early Adulthood is characterised by an increasing emotional maturity and stability following the upheaval of adolescents
-A key point is the "age 30 transition" where people reflect on their lives and change areas they feel inadequate
-Also, the age a
-A key point is the "age 30 transition" where people reflect on their lives and change areas they feel inadequate
-Also, the age a
5 of 21
Middle Adulthood
COGNITIVE CHANGES
COGNITIVE CHANGES
-Crystalised vs fluid inteligence- people in middle adulthood typically transition towards a greater reliance on crystallised (knowledge based) intelligence rather than fluid (information processing and problem solving) intelligence.
-This is due to the
-This is due to the
6 of 21
Middle Adulthood
PHYSICAL CHANGES
PHYSICAL CHANGES
-Middle adulthood is characterised by physical decline after the peak of early adulthood.
-Vision and hearing deteriorate gradually, often leading for the need for aids.
-Skin becomes more wrinkled and looses elasticity (my own idea: popular anti-aging
-Vision and hearing deteriorate gradually, often leading for the need for aids.
-Skin becomes more wrinkled and looses elasticity (my own idea: popular anti-aging
7 of 21
Middle Adulthood
EMOTIONAL CHANGES
EMOTIONAL CHANGES
-As we age, our "possible selves", or the people we could be, becomes more limited as options for development decline.
-Baltes and Carstensen (1991) suggest that possible selves are needed to maintain motivation- they suggest opportunity and possibility
-Baltes and Carstensen (1991) suggest that possible selves are needed to maintain motivation- they suggest opportunity and possibility
8 of 21
Late Adulthood
PHYSICAL CHANGES
PHYSICAL CHANGES
-Normally conceptualised as from the age of 64
-Characterised by significant physical decline, fraiatlity and illness
-Neurological degeneration also present development of dementia and alheimer's
-Deterioration in vision and balance can lead to falli
-Characterised by significant physical decline, fraiatlity and illness
-Neurological degeneration also present development of dementia and alheimer's
-Deterioration in vision and balance can lead to falli
9 of 21
Late adulthood
COGNITIVE CHANGES
COGNITIVE CHANGES
-Again, characterised by decline especially with increased prevalence in dementia
-Neurological deterioration leads to loss of memory and problem solving skills
-However, there is evidence to suggest that through specialisation and practice, cognitive d
-Neurological deterioration leads to loss of memory and problem solving skills
-However, there is evidence to suggest that through specialisation and practice, cognitive d
10 of 21
Late Adulthood
EMOTIONAL CHANGES
EMOTIONAL CHANGES
-Characterised primarily by two forces 1) legacy 2) bereavement
-Self-concept at. this stage is firmly established, however individuals who contribute to understanding of self become more important = children and family contribute to a feeling of legacy
-Self-concept at. this stage is firmly established, however individuals who contribute to understanding of self become more important = children and family contribute to a feeling of legacy
11 of 21
Dementia and Alzeimer's
-Terry Pratchett referred to Alzeimer's as the "greatest imbuggerence"
-Alzeimer's is the most common form of advanced dementia- characterised by neurological decline in hippocampal atrophy, leading to significant loss of memory and cognitive function (m
-Alzeimer's is the most common form of advanced dementia- characterised by neurological decline in hippocampal atrophy, leading to significant loss of memory and cognitive function (m
12 of 21
Dying and Bereavement
-Childhood is characterised by a lack of understanding, whilst adolescents is characterised by feelings of distance and immortality
-Attitudes towards death develop throughout the lifespan
-"Death anxiety" increases during early and middle adulthood, bu
-Attitudes towards death develop throughout the lifespan
-"Death anxiety" increases during early and middle adulthood, bu
13 of 21
Dying and Bereavement
part 2
part 2
-There are significant debates around dying and bereavement which continue today.
-"Right to die" campaigners claim to support peoples rights to die with dignity, at a time of their own choosing.
-Others argue that this amounts to state sponsored euthan
-"Right to die" campaigners claim to support peoples rights to die with dignity, at a time of their own choosing.
-Others argue that this amounts to state sponsored euthan
14 of 21
Conclusions of Dying and Bereavement
-Development later in life is characterised by a gradual pattern of physical and cognitive decline
-However, people typically remain optimistic throughout early and middle adulthood, and do not focus on their continued decline.
-Later in life, for many
-However, people typically remain optimistic throughout early and middle adulthood, and do not focus on their continued decline.
-Later in life, for many
15 of 21
Successful Ageing
-The recent idea of "Successful ageing" is based on the idea that there is a great diversity In development in the later stages of life
16 of 21
successful agers are people that have
-maintained activity levels
-Staved off cognitive decline
-Have maintained personal growth and vitality (Berk, 1998).
-This can lead to greater optimism, reduced loneliness (even in spite of bereavement), feelings of continued control and less withdrawal
-Staved off cognitive decline
-Have maintained personal growth and vitality (Berk, 1998).
-This can lead to greater optimism, reduced loneliness (even in spite of bereavement), feelings of continued control and less withdrawal
17 of 21
Strategies for successful ageing
-remaining physically active
-cognitively active
-challenged (cognitively) and healthy lifestyles and diet.
-societal and contextual factors are also important to provide opportunity for continued engagement
-cognitively active
-challenged (cognitively) and healthy lifestyles and diet.
-societal and contextual factors are also important to provide opportunity for continued engagement
18 of 21
The gaps
part one
part one
-Most developmental psychology focuses on the period from birth to late adolescents/ early adulthood, which often leaves changes which occur after this period overlooked.
-why might this be... what is the cause of this oversight, both people/patients and
-why might this be... what is the cause of this oversight, both people/patients and
19 of 21
WHY MIGHT THIS BE
-childhood development is the most dramatic, although potentially not 'more' change adult changes happen over a long time period, which might make them seem less significant
-Children are assessed in school and research can piggy back on this- research i
-Children are assessed in school and research can piggy back on this- research i
20 of 21
WHATS THE COST
-Successful ageing-without research, it is difficult to implement systems which facilitate successful ageing.
-Adults are considered homogeneous (of the same kind, alike) WHICH THEY PROBABLY ARENT... this can reduce the effectiveness of clinical interven
-Adults are considered homogeneous (of the same kind, alike) WHICH THEY PROBABLY ARENT... this can reduce the effectiveness of clinical interven
21 of 21
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
-Some experience based skills, like face recognition, continue to improve with age (Meinhardt-Injac and Hildebrandt, 2016).
-According to Schale (1978) cognitive capacity does not normally exceed Piaget's operational stage.
-However, as we encounter mor
-According to Schale (1978) cognitive capacity does not normally exceed Piaget's operational stage.
-However, as we encounter mor
Back
Early Adulthood
COGNITIVE CHANGES
COGNITIVE CHANGES
Card 3
Front
1. Achieving stage: early adulthood characterised by adapting skills to a new task.
2. Responsibility stage: middle adulthood is about expanding responsibilities and confidence.
3. Re-intergrative stage: Late adulthood moves away from knowledge acquisit
2. Responsibility stage: middle adulthood is about expanding responsibilities and confidence.
3. Re-intergrative stage: Late adulthood moves away from knowledge acquisit
Back
Card 4
Front
-Characterised by the body reaching maximum psychological capacity and efficiency- growing ends, physical peak reached (men around 30, women around 35)
-This is followed by the beginning of physical decline as natural ageing begins- in particular: vision
-This is followed by the beginning of physical decline as natural ageing begins- in particular: vision
Back
Card 5
Front
-Early Adulthood is characterised by an increasing emotional maturity and stability following the upheaval of adolescents
-A key point is the "age 30 transition" where people reflect on their lives and change areas they feel inadequate
-Also, the age a
-A key point is the "age 30 transition" where people reflect on their lives and change areas they feel inadequate
-Also, the age a
Back
Related discussions on The Student Room
- Language paper 1 Question 2: please mark it out of 8 »
- College Course »
- Health and social btec »
- cant get any girls »
- Wolverhampton Msc Psy conversion »
- Eating 1,100 calories and losing 1,100 calories »
- Which is a better brand of laptop? »
- Is health and social care a good gcse? »
- EPQ title help »
- When should I put my pet down? »
Similar Psychology resources:
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
5.0 / 5 based on 1 rating
0.0 / 5
Comments
No comments have yet been made