Developmental: week 1

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What is developmental psychology?
'The process by which an organism grows and changes through its lifespan."
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What is not a main domain of development?
Intellect
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Which is not an age period studied in developmental psychology?
Adult hood
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What age range did the case study Danny look at?
3 weeks - 16 months
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What are the central concerns in developmental psychology
Continuity, Sources of development, Plasticity
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What is continuous development?
Small, gradual processes of change
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What is discontinuous development?
Periods of rapid growth and development
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What is Flavells stage theory?
4 essential stages / criteria of development
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What is the first stage of Flavells stage theory?
1. Stages distinguished by qualitative changes
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What is the second stage of Flavells stage theory?
2. Stage transitions marked by other aspects of change
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What is the 3rd stage of Flavells stage theory?
3. When changes occur, they are rapid
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What is the final stage in Flavells stage theory of development?
4. Behavioural and physical changes are coherent.
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What do developmental function graphs show us?
It allows us to spot when behaviour is atypical development
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What is plasticity?
The degree to which, and the conditions under which, development is open to change and intervention.
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What do family studies look at?
Similarities and dissimilarities between relatives according to degrees of relatedness.
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What three kinds of influences do behaviour geneticists focus on?
Heritability, Shared environment, Non shared environment.
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What does heritability refer to, particularly by behaviour geneticists?
Variation explained by genetic differences
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What are Dizygotic twins?
May be of the same or different sex
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Mirror self-recognition has been seen in?
Orangutans
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Evolutionary developmental psychology argues that?
The sex difference in physical aggression is seen as having adaptive value
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An example of a genotype-environment interaction is...
A Childs temperament influences the ways parents behave towards that child
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Local enhancement means that...
The presence of a conspecific draws the attention of an animal to something.
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Parent-offspring conflict theory predicts that...
Siblings will compete with each other
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What is sexual imprinting?
When young learn the characteristics of their species so that they would ultimately choose a member of their own species to mate with.
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What is emulation?
When an animal sees another trying to achieve some goal and then also attempts to achieve that goal.
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What Mitchell's level one deception?
Situations where an animal is programmed to give a deceptive signal, irrespective of circumstances
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What is Mitchell's level four deception?
When an animal deliberately corrects or changes its signals to encourage the receiver to act in certain ways.
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What is Mitchell's level-two deception?
When an animal's signal is still programmed or instinctive, but only given in response to certain stimuli.
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What is Mitchell's level-three deception?
Situations when the animals signal can be modified by learning.
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What are Belskys and Pluess' Three Models of Human Plasticity?
1) Diathesis-stress, (2) Differential susceptibility, (3) Vantage sensitivity
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What is the diathesis stress model?
A model showing the risk/ disposition to environmental stresses.
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What is the differential susceptibility model?
People differ in their susceptibility to environmental influence. The implication is that some brains are more plastic than others, and are therefore more susceptible to both positive and negative effects of supportive and unsupportive environments.
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What is vantage sensitivity?
Phenomena where the more reactive person benefits from a positive environment.
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What does Social Learning Theory incorporate the ideas of in aggression?
Direct experience and vicarious experience.
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What were the conditions of Banduras and Walters (1963) study?
1) Live, 2) Videotape, 3) Cartoon, 4) Control condition
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What are the 5 main issues / factors identified from aggression research?
Spanking, Violent lyrics, Rate of Assault, Violent films, Alcohol
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How does Violent Lyrics studies contradict the cathartic hypothesis?
Anderson et al found that violent lyrics triggered aggressive associations in words with previously ambiguous meaning.
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What did aggression questionnaires show about people who attended screenings of violent films?
They are generally more disposed to aggression.
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What are the bigger scale social problems of aggression?
Wars/ massacres and Collective Aggression
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What factors did Mann (1981) find about what makes baiting more likely to occur in suicide?
At night, Larger crowd (300+) , larger proximity from victim.
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Card 2

Front

What is not a main domain of development?

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Intellect

Card 3

Front

Which is not an age period studied in developmental psychology?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What age range did the case study Danny look at?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are the central concerns in developmental psychology

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Preview of the front of card 5
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