Development 9 Language 1

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  • Created by: CaliFish
  • Created on: 01-05-17 13:49
Draw, with labels, the language milestones
6 months, babbling. 1st year first word. 2nd year combination of words/short sentences. 4-5 years understanding and production of most grammatical construction.
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what are the theories of language
Nativist, Behaviourist, Interactionist
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Who is a crucial figure of the nativist theory
Chomsky
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what did he make
The language acquisition device
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what is this
a hypothetical module in the brain that is innate and preprogrammed to learn language
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they do not believe language development is down to what
learning
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why
language is too complex to be learned so easily and quickly by cognitively unsophisticated children
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what theory is in disagreement with this
behaviourist
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who is a crucial figure of the behaviourist theory
Skinner
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the behaviourist argument believe language is learned by what
processes of operation and classical conditioning
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correct usage is
reinforced
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incorrect usage is
not reinforced
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what are two problems with this theory
poverty of stimulus (come up with things never heard) and negative evidence (dont always correct whats wrong)
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what is the most popular perspective right now
interactionist
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who is a crucial figure of the interactionist theory
bates
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according to the theory, language is an interaction of what
genes, environment and experience
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how can they explain language development
our basic perceptual and learning abilities are there but are moulded by culture and society to become language specific
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what are the components of language
phonology, grammar and semantics
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what is phonology
speech sounds
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what is semantics
word meanings
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what is grammar
putting words together
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what are two components of language within grammar
syntax and morphology
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what is syntax
arrangement of words into sentacnes
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the short sentences are usually composed of what
noun and noun or noun and verb
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what is this called
telegraphic speech
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by what age do they make real sentences
age 3
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what is morphology
the use of markers to indicate meaning
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morphology is the hardest what
thing to learn when learning a foreign language
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children go through what when learning morphology
phases
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what is an example of this
past tense verbs
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what component are we going to focus on
phonology
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what is the main question
how do we recognize speech sounds
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are the sounds used in human speech infinate or finale
finate
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from birth, what can humans do to these sounds
discriminate them
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who else can do this
chinchillas
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therefore this ability is not what
human specific
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what method can we use to understand what neonatals understand about language
high amplitude sucking experiments
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what do you measure
the speed and intensity of dummy sucking
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who and when did the first HAS experiment
Werner, 1981
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what did they find
babies prefer to listen to their native language
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who and when did the second HAS experiment
DeCasper and Fifer, 1980
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how old were their subjects
24 hours old
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what did they find
preferred their mothers voice to other mothers voice
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who and when did the third HAS experiment
DeCasper and Spence, 1987
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how old were their subjects
55 hours old
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what did they find
preference of similarity of doctor suess book that had been read to them before birth, twice a day during the last trimester
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what is this evidence of
prenatal learning
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all of these experiments are evidence of what
learning of the contingency between sucking and playing the desired sound
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what is the name of the hypothesis that followed
in-utero-speech-experience hypothesis
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what does it hypothesise
foetus' can remember and recognise human voices they were exposed to prenatally
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what 3 preferences do infants have that shows this
mothers voices filtered through something to sound like in the womb. prefer mothers over fathers (prefer fathers to stranger fathers). prefer strangers speaking in native language than strangers not.
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who conducted a study and when that gives physiological evidence of this
kililsenky et al, 2003
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how old were their subjects
38 week old foetus'
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what did they measure
heart rate
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with what
cardiotocograph
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when what was happening
either mother or stranger mother reading poem
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what did they find
faster heart beat for own mother
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define categorical perception in terms of language
the classification of continuous stimuli into distinct categories with sharp boundaries
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evidence of categorical perception is what
not being able to discriminate within a category
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what helps us discriminate
voice onset time
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who studied this
Werker and kuhl
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what did they find
the ability of speech discrimination decreases within the first year of life
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what is the higher discriminative ability at 6-8 months called
universal phonetic sensitivity
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categories go from what to what
bimodal to unimodal
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what else do we have to do when learning language because it is a continuous stimuli
segment the speech stream
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who and when studied how babies do this
Saffron et al, 1996
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what 3 ways do they do it
prosody, pauses and correlations
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what ddi they present to them in an experiment
2 minutes of a speech stream with no prosody or pauses
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what did the babies have
a preference for part words
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this preference shows what
a discrimination
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what else helps to segment speech
infant direct speech
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what 7 qualities does it have to do this
highly grammatical, simple structure, exaggerated, slower rate, vary pitch and loudness, simple words and lots repetition
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what are the theories of language

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Nativist, Behaviourist, Interactionist

Card 3

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Who is a crucial figure of the nativist theory

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Card 4

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what did he make

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Card 5

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what is this

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