Development 18 Nature and Nurture 1 0.0 / 5 ? PsychologyDevelopmental psychologyUniversityNone Created by: CaliFishCreated on: 11-05-17 10:47 cognitive ability has what 3 sub types general, specific, learning abilities 1 of 43 give 4 other names for general cognitive ability intelligence or 'g'or IQ 2 of 43 give 3 examples of specific cognitive abilities verbal skills, spatial skills, memory 3 of 43 give 3 examples of learning abilities maths, reading, communication 4 of 43 are cognitive abilities reliable or stable both 5 of 43 give 2 reasons why we should study cognitive abilities they predict many social outcomes and they focus on STEM subjects 6 of 43 what does STEM stander Science, Technology, Economics and Maths 7 of 43 there are differences ______ and ______, _________ and ________ between and within, countries and schools 8 of 43 the within differences are better known as what individual differences 9 of 43 in fact there is how much overlap of individual differences 90% 10 of 43 explain the relationship between cognitive abilities and genetics cognitive and learning abilities are heritable traits, this heritability increases with age 11 of 43 what about environmental factors genetic and environmental factors co-act 12 of 43 what are the two main designs to investigation the roles of nature and nature Twin design and adoption studies 13 of 43 what are the two types of twin design MZ vs DZ twins and twins raised apart and twins not 14 of 43 how much % of genes do DZ twins share 50 15 of 43 how much % of genes do MZ twins share 100 16 of 43 what does phenotype mean are traits or characteristics of an organism that we can observe 17 of 43 what is the symbol for phenotype variation P 18 of 43 what is the equation for phenotype variation P = h2 + c2 + e2 (the 2 means squared) 19 of 43 what does the h2 stand for heritability 20 of 43 what is another symbol for heritability A 21 of 43 what is heritability influence of genetic factors 22 of 43 what is the equation for heritability h2 = 2 ( r MZ - r DZ ) 23 of 43 what does the c2 stand for Shared environment 24 of 43 what is another symbol for C 25 of 43 what is shared environment any environmental influences that contribute for the similarity of the twins 26 of 43 what is the equation for shared environment c2 = rMZ - h2 27 of 43 what does the e2 stand for non shared environment 28 of 43 what is another symbol for non shared environment E 29 of 43 what is non shared environment any environmental influences that contribute for the differences of the twins 30 of 43 what is the equation for e2 = 1 - rMZ 31 of 43 studies have found that _______ and ______ are more heritable that __________ in primary school literacy and numeracy skills, IQ 32 of 43 what type of study was it longitudinal, at ages 7, 9, 12 33 of 43 what is the reason for why literacy and numeracy skills were more heritable the british environment is very universal so the only differences left would be genetic 34 of 43 although lower, the heritability of IQ did what? Increase with age 35 of 43 in another study, the heritbabitliy of IQ went from ___ at childhood, to ___ at adolescence, to ___ at later adulthood 40, 60, 80 36 of 43 alongside cognitive ability, what is also heritable cognitive disabilities 37 of 43 complex traits are what polygenic traits 38 of 43 some may follow the OGOD hypothesis, what is this one gene one disorder 39 of 43 give an example PKU 40 of 43 but most will follow what hypothesis quantative loci hypothesis 41 of 43 this means what multiple genetic factors are need for disorder to develop 42 of 43 what is a hallmark of polygenic traits a bell curve and continuous distribution 43 of 43
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