attachment is an enduring emotional tie that develops between the infant and other significant people
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Ainsworth (1973)
occurs at around 9mo- prior to this has preference but is not attached
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Bergman et al., (2008)
attachment is moderated by positive relationship after bird, reduce stress.anx of child
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Anisfield et al., (1990)
more carried early on more securely attached by 13mo, promotes bond of love
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Schaffer (2003)
marked the phases of attachment- pre attach, attachment in the making, clear cut attachment and goal corrected partnership
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Meins (2003)
Strange situation task
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Bowlby
consequences of separation- failure to smile at a face, respond to coo, poor appetite, failure to gain weight, sleep badly, low IQ
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Lorenz
geese experiment- attachment in first30 hours critical period
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Zarbantany and Lamb (1985)
fathers face doesnt have same influence on behaviour/perception of safety as mother
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Hirshberg (1990)
parents are safe base to explore the world, comfort when stressed or distressed
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Lester (1974)
OP and separation anxiety- 8-12mo play in unfamiliar room in company of mother etc- only dev attachment when recog other people are separate from themselves
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Fox (1977)
in Israeli kibbutz tribe where equitable rights, avoid materalism etc, sleep with parents but cared for by others too- sep anx when left without parents or day time care givers- multiple bonds
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Schaffer and Emerson (1964)
multiple bonds even in conventional families, more bonds formed, greater strenght of bond with main caregiver- not always mother either
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Leiderman and Leiderman (1974)
childrearing practices in E.African farming communities- some homes one mother figure others mutliple- less emotionally secure, greater ** but more cog advanced
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Freud and Dann (1951)
6 children pre WW2 germany separated from families before 1, in f and ds house before 3.4yo- children highly attached to eachother
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Verropoulou and Joshi (2009)
5yo and mothers were working- any sleeper effects- minor disad in reading but only true for those whose mothers less edu and worked in first year of childs life
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Jaffee, van Hulle and Rodgers (2011)
small advantage in beahvioural and cog measures whose mothers worked in first 3 years of life
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Kagan, Kearsley and Zelazo (1978)
3 and 1/2-29mo day care had no ill effects
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Goldfarb (1943)
babies sep from mothers at 9mo some into foster, rest in institiution, bad emotional conditions meant couldnt form bond longitudinally- not inevitable delinquency in later life though, struggled on IQ tests and ability to make friends
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Follan and Minnis (2010)
maltreatment could be the cause of delinquency
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Rutter (1972)
prolonged separation seem well adjusted, maladjusted have severe type of family break up- factor for emotional damage more so if couldnt reform attachment caused issues in teens
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% securely attached
50-67% in developed countries
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% insecure/resistant attachment
10%
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% insecure/avoidant
15%
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% disorganised/ disorientated
15%
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Ainsworth (1974)
US attachment types, 67%, 20%, 10%, negligible
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Grossmann et al., (1981)
German attachment types, 35%, 52%, 10%, negligible
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Main et al., (1985)
Internal working model- once formed models exist mostly outside of consciousness. Mental representations that are pictures of the other person and the relationship and feelings aroused by relationship
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Main, Kaplan and Cassidy (1985)
developed adult attachment interview - probe quality of relationship they had with their pcg as a child
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George et al., (1985)
findings of an adult attachment interview - autonomous coherent, dismissing, preoccupied, unresolved
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Belsky et al., (1996)
3yo watched puppet show, recalled what show was about, securely attached tended to remember positive events while insecurely negative
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Fonagy et al., (1991)
those IDd as dismissive in adult attachment interview tended to have children who were insecure-avoidant, those IDd as pre-occupied tended to have children who were insec-resistant
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Dunn et al., (1991)
qual of parents' convo with toddlers 33mo, childrens ability to understand others mental states 6m later- authoritative/democratic style parenting
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Meins et al., (2002)
parents asked to describe child, how parents conceptualising their child- mind-minded or not- if mind minded attune to child on psych not just phys needs
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Meins, Fernyhough, Russell and Clark-Carter (1998)
parental mind-mindedness linked with quality of attachment between parent and child
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Chen and Koo (2011)
parenting style has measurable outcome on teenagers behaviour- a-d parenting assoc with positive youth outcomes- wellbeing, lower odds smoking/fights/drgs
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Ainsworth (1973)
Back
occurs at around 9mo- prior to this has preference but is not attached
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