Culture is the shared beliefs, attitudes and behaviours of a group or society. Culture is shaped through the norms and values of society and learnt through primary and secondary socialisation.
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Define Norms.
Norms are normal and or expected behaviours in society.
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Define Values.
Values are the shared goals and or aims of a group or society. They are things which society place importance upon.
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Define Primary Socialisation.
Primary socialisation, is socialisation carried out by primary contacts/ institutions, for example an individuals parents and close family, in the early years of their life.
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Define Secondary Socialisation.
Secondary socialisation, is socialisation which is carried out by secondary institutions,for example, the media, religion friends and peers through out their life.
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What would happen if an indivdivual broke Norms/Values ?
If an individul broke the norms / values of society they would be subjected informal and formal social controls.
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What are Formal Controls?
Formal controls are direct punishments for your actions. For example, grounding by parents and fines from the police.
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What are Informal Controls?
Informal controls are indirect punishments for an individuals behaviour. For example, tutting, stares and gossiping.
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How would an individual express their culture?
Individuals may express their culture in a variety of ways, e.g. through their language, food, clothing and music.
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Define Cross-Culture.
Cross-culture is a term which describes overlaps of cultural aspects between some cultures but not all.
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Define Cultural Universalism.
Cultural Universalism is the term which describes norms and values which apply to most cultures.
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Define Cultural Hybridity.
Cultural Hybridity is when aspects of two or more cultures blend to make a new culture. For example, Brasian culture.
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Define Brasian.
Brasian is the term which describes third and fourth generational imigrants from Asian who have adopted a more british culture along side their traditional culture.
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Define Subculture.
A subculture is a s smaller culture with a larger culture. it is a group within a culture which differentiates itself from the main parent culture which it belongs to. For example, Punk.
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Define Global Culture.
Global culture is the transmission of ideas, meaning and values around the world, to extend and intensify relations.
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Define Mass/Popular culture.
Mass/Popular culture is culture which is widley spread by the mass media. For example, Fashion trend and Youtube.
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Define High Culture.
High culture is culture which is held by the rich in society. it is mainly arts and music for the elite. For example, Ballet and Opera.
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Define Folk Culture.
Folk culture is behaviours and traditions which are passed down from older generations. Folk culture is also very localised. For example, Amish culture and Claddagh rings of Galway in Ireland.
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Define Consumer Culture.
Consumer culture is the term which describes a culture associated with the buying of goods and services in order to gain status.
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What did Frankie and Queenie Leavis argue?
Frankie and Queenie Leavis agued, popular/ mass culture ruins the use of proper language, expolits people's emotional needs and fears and encourages greed and mindless conformity by those who engage in such culture
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What did MacDonald argue?
MacDonald argued, popular/ mass culture has no value and is only used by buisnesses to maximise profits.
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What did Strinati argue?
Strinati argued, popular/ mass culture is bad beacsue it is of no benefit to society unlike high culture.
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What did Bourdieu argue?
Bourdieu argued, popular/ mass culture is used to control the masses by ruling the elite.
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What did Marcusse argue?
Marcusse argued, popular/ mass culture is trivial and turns the audience into a passive audience. Those who like popular/mass culture are less likely to challange the ruling class and accept an unfair/ unequal world.
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What did Livingstone argue?
Livingstone argued, Popular/ Mass culture is good and benefits socity by raising awreness of important issues.
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Are Norms and Values relative?
Norms and values change significantly with age, time and between various cultures and societies. E.g. Women in 1955- Family oriented..housewives greatly valued ..the norm for women ..2014 value had shifted.. norm is to be educated, have a good job.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Norms are normal and or expected behaviours in society.
Back
Define Norms.
Card 3
Front
Values are the shared goals and or aims of a group or society. They are things which society place importance upon.
Back
Card 4
Front
Primary socialisation, is socialisation carried out by primary contacts/ institutions, for example an individuals parents and close family, in the early years of their life.
Back
Card 5
Front
Secondary socialisation, is socialisation which is carried out by secondary institutions,for example, the media, religion friends and peers through out their life.
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