strengths:
-Lombroso gave credibility to criminology to criminology for the first time.
- challenged the idea that criminals are just evil
limitations:
- not all criminals may have atavistic features.
- people with atavistic features will be labelled
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evaluation of Sheldon
strengths:
- Had a control group of 200 college students to compare criminals to
- other studies supported his theory
limitations:
- people's bodies aren't fixed
- mesomorphs can be treated differently because of how they look
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evaluation of Bandura
strengths:
- takes into account we are social beings and learn from experiences of others
- children who observed aggressive behaviour being rewarded, imitated that behaviour.
Limitation:
- based on laboratory studies
- assumes people's behaviour is
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Evaluation of operant learning
strengths:
- learn from experience through reinforcement.
- Jeffery states that if crime leads to more rewarding than punishing outcomes for an individual.
Limitations:
- humans have free will
- ignores internal mental processes such as thinking
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Aversion therapy and Eysenck
Part 1
treatment of sex offenders - states that criminals tend to be strongly extraverted and neurotic. This makes them harder to condition because they are more resistant to learning through punishment. So the punishment needs to be stronger.
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Aversion therapy and Eysenck
Part 2
offenders are asked to think about the unacceptable sexual fantasy until they become aroused.
strongly aversive stimulus is then administered such as an electric shock or a nausea - inducing drug.
then it's repeated until the offender come to associate
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Aversion therapy and Eysenck
is this effective?
Aversion therapy has very limited success, usually only short term, and its use in attempting to 'cure' gay people has also been criticised as human rights abuse.
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cognitive therapies and CBT
cognitive theories state that our cognition shape our behaviour, including offending behaviour. Offenders have ' distorted cognitions' that lead them to offend. CBT programmes aim to change the offenders' thoughts and attitudes so as to change their behav
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Cognitive therapies and CBT
is this effective?
This uses one-to-one sessions for repeat offenders on probation. it aims to enable offenders to control their thoughts, feelings and behaviour.
has success rate for 30%
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social construction
means something that has been made or defined (constructed) by society rather than simply occurring naturally.
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activities which are illegal in the UK but legal in other countries
-
- No walking cows down the street in daylight
- suspicious handling of freshwater fish
- using a phone to pay at a drive-though
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activities that are legal in the UK but illegal in other countries
- translating the bible
- same sex marriage
- abortion
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activities that used to be illegal but are now legal in the UK
- pretending to be a ghost
- spring cleaning in public
- playing in the snow
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activities that used to be legal in the UK but now illegal
- child labour and abuse
- cannabis
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Polygamy
the practice or custom of having more than one wife or husband at the same time.
legal: Iran, Saudi Arabia, Mali
illegal: UK, India, Philippines
Reasons: stability, tradition, religion
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Adultery
voluntary sexual intercourse between a married person and a person who is not their spouse.
legal: UK, Canada, Australia
illegal: Iran, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan
Reasons: religion, gender, position of women
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Cannabis
a drug
Legal: Costa Rica, Colombia, Canada
illegal: China, Indonesia, Nigeria
Reasons: medical reasons
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Homosexuality
the quality or characteristic of being sexually attracted solely to people of one's own sex.
legal: UK, Canada, Japan, South Korea
illegal: Iran, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan
Reasons: religion, sexism, public opinion
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
strengths:
- Had a control group of 200 college students to compare criminals to
- other studies supported his theory
limitations:
- people's bodies aren't fixed
- mesomorphs can be treated differently because of how they look
Back
evaluation of Sheldon
Card 3
Front
strengths:
- takes into account we are social beings and learn from experiences of others
- children who observed aggressive behaviour being rewarded, imitated that behaviour.
Limitation:
- based on laboratory studies
- assumes people's behaviour is
Back
Card 4
Front
strengths:
- learn from experience through reinforcement.
- Jeffery states that if crime leads to more rewarding than punishing outcomes for an individual.
Limitations:
- humans have free will
- ignores internal mental processes such as thinking
Back
Card 5
Front
treatment of sex offenders - states that criminals tend to be strongly extraverted and neurotic. This makes them harder to condition because they are more resistant to learning through punishment. So the punishment needs to be stronger.
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