Criminal Psychology - What makes a criminal?

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  • Created by: Rosa335
  • Created on: 19-06-17 13:40
What did Brunner aim to investigate?
If there was a link between genetic abnormality and criminal behaviour.
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What did Brunner find?
Mutation on the X-chromosome led to monoamine oxidase deficiency and that impaired metabolism of serotonin is likely to be involved in mental retardation, which could be linked to aggressive behaviour
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What did Dabbs aim to investigate?
Whether male criminals who had higher levels of testosterone had committed more violent crimes
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What did Dabbs find?
11 prison inmates with the highest testosterone levels 10 had comitted violent crimes. 11 with the lowest levels of testosterone 9 had committed non-violent crimes.
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Evaluate the physiological explanation for what makes a criminal
Reductionist; ignores social factors. Deterministic; Suggests having a high testosterone level will cause to commit crime. Research often carried out on biased sample: Brunner only 5 dutch men. Blaming it on nature; criminal cannot be blamed
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Who investigated the social factor upbringing in relation to non-physiological evidence
Farrington et al (1996)
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What hypothesis did Farrington test?
Problem families produce problem children
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What did Farrington find?
At 20, 48% with convicted fathers were also convicted compared to 19% with no-convicted fathers. 54% with convicted mothers were also convicted compared to 23% with no-convicted mothers. Suggests offending is concentrated in families.
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Who investigated the social factor: learning from others in relation to non-physiological evidence
Sutherland (1939)
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What did Sutherland find?
More contact someone has with attitudes favourable to criminal activity and the more exposure they have to criminal behaviour the more criminal behaviour they will themselves commit. (differential association theory)
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Who investigated the Cognitive factor: rationality in relation to non-physiological evidence
Mandracchia et al (2007)
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What did Mandracchia aim to identify?
The defining characteristics of criminal thinking
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What did Mandracchia find?
Criminal thinking can be defined in 3 thinking styles: Control, cognitive maturity, egocentricity
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What did Mandracchia conclude?
Criminla thinking allows self-indulgent and rash behaviour that is contrary to accepted social standards and is irrational, unorganised and subjective and leads to immediate gratification
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Who investigated the Cognitive factor: Mrality in relation to non-physiological evidence
Kohlberg
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What did Kohlberg aim to investigate?
Moral reasoning in 75 american boys
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What did Kohlberg find
Pre-conventional stage of moral reasoning, suggests that behaviour is seen as right or wrong only in terms of the outcome (punishment/not)
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Outline 2 biological strategies to prevent criminal behaviour
Drug treatments: Criminality associated with ADHD, Criminality associated with high levels of testosterone
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What did Lichtenstein et al find?
Info was collected on patients with ADHD. 32% reduction rate for men and 41% for women in criminality rate. Suggesting use of medication reduces risk of criminality among ADHD patients
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What did P.T. Loosen et al find?
Suppressed the testosterone in 8 normal men and found that they all showed marked reductions in outwards-directed anger during the experiment, while half exhibited reduction in anxiety and sexual desire
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Who investigated drug treatment in relation to ADHD and levels of testosterone?
ADHD: Lichtenstein. Testosterone: P.T. Loosen et al
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What did Brunner find?

Back

Mutation on the X-chromosome led to monoamine oxidase deficiency and that impaired metabolism of serotonin is likely to be involved in mental retardation, which could be linked to aggressive behaviour

Card 3

Front

What did Dabbs aim to investigate?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

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What did Dabbs find?

Back

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Card 5

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Evaluate the physiological explanation for what makes a criminal

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