Criminal Psychology - Collection of evidence (cognitive)

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  • Created by: Rosa335
  • Created on: 19-06-17 14:44
Outline 3 differences between an interview and an interrogation
Free flowing - Structured. Non-accusatory - Accusatory. Purpose is to gather info - Purpose is to get a confession
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What is a Guided memory interview?
The witness is guided step-by-step through the incident and asked to describe the incident, the environment and their emotional reactions
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What is a structured interview?
The interviewer tries to build rapport with interviewee and allows time for narrative to develop interrupting as little as possible
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What does the cognitive interview assume?
Memory is associative and that retrieval of an even is more effective if situated within the context of its occurrence
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Who investigated the cognitive interview?
Fisher et al (1989)
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Outline Fisher's aim and results
Aimed to see if the CI worked in the field. Suggested that using the CI results in 30% improvement in recall, with no increase in number of incorrect responses.
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Outline 2 strengths of the cognitive interview
More detail is gathered, less likely to use leading questions, no interruptions, witness is more likely to remember more
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Outline 2 weaknesses of the cognitive interview
Can cause psychological harm, can only be used for certain crimes, takes longer than other interview strategies, requires a willing and vocal witness
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How can evidence be collected from suspects? And who investigated this?
Interrogation: Pearce and Gudjonsson (1999)
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What did Pearce and Gudjonsson analyse and what did they find?
Recordings 18 serious crimes, police tend use 6 tactics in interrogation: Intimidation, Robust challenge (accuse of lying), Manipulation (minimise seriousness of offence) Reassurance (appeal to suspect's character) Soft challenge (suspectown version)
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Who investigated recognising deception?
Vrij et al (2001)
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What did Vrij aim to investigate?
To examine the ability of police officers to detect deception
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What was Vrij's sample?
52 uniformed police officers from the Netherlands.
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Outline the material used in Vrij's sample
8 short clips from videotapes press conferences where people were asking general public to help finding their relatives or the murderers of their relatives. 5 clips were of people who were later convicted, 3 were assumed to contain no deception
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What did Vrij find?
49/52 officers did not do better than expected by simply guessing. Age,length of service, level of experience in interviewing suspects and confidence had no effect on accuracy scores
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What did Vrij conclude?
Detecting deception is a difficult task at which even police officers are not very good.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is a Guided memory interview?

Back

The witness is guided step-by-step through the incident and asked to describe the incident, the environment and their emotional reactions

Card 3

Front

What is a structured interview?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What does the cognitive interview assume?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Who investigated the cognitive interview?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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