The rate at which chemical reactions occur in the body
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What health risks are linked to obesity?
Arthritis, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, high cholesterol
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What health risks are linked to being underweight?
Anorexia, deficiency diseases such as scurvy, poor resistance to infection
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Why is exercise important?
Exercise makes you healthier. It also builds muscle so your metabolic rate increases. Plus, it decreases the amount of energy which is stored as fat
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How can your health be affected by inherited factors?
You could inherit an underactive thyroid glad which lowers your metabolic rate, causing obesity
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What are the 5 food groups and their uses?
Carbohydrates -release energy Protein - growth and replacement of cells and muscles Fats - to keep you warm and release energy Fibre- Aids digestion Vitamins and Minerals - to keep your body generally healthy
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Which factors affect metabolic rate?
- Muscle to fat ratio - Physical size - gender - amount of exercise
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How can white blood cells fight disease?
1. Engulfing them (phagocytes) 2. Producing antibodies to attack antigens on the pathogen 3. Producing antitoxins to counteract toxins produced by pathogens
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What are the properties of bacteria?
1/100th the size of your body cells. Reproduce rapidly. Damage your cells. Produce toxins
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What are the properties of a virus?
1/100th the size of a bacteria. Replicate themselves in your body cells, using your machinery. Cell damage makes you feel ill
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How else does your body prevent you from getting ill?
Skin, hair and mucus stop pathogens entering your body. Platelets in the blood help seal wounds.
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How do vaccinations work?
A dead or inactive pathogen is injected into your blood. These pathogens carry antigens which cause your white blood cells to produce antibodies to attack them - even though the microbe is harmless. Causing WBC to act faster next time
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What are advantages of vaccines?
They have helped control lots of infectious diseases, they made polio extinct. Epidemics can be prevented.
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What are disadvantages of vaccines?
They dont always work. You can sometimes have a bad reaction (e.g seizures)
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What do painkillers do?
They relieve pain but dont actually tackle the cause of the disease, they just reduce the symptons.
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What do antibiotics do?
They actually prevent the growth of the bacteria without killing your own body cells
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Why cant drugs treat viruses?
Because viruses use your own body cells to reproduce, therefore it is very dificult to develop drugs which kill the virus and dont damage your body cells
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How can bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?
It can mutate, which means it will not be killed by the antibiotic used previously and a new drug will have to be made.
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Why is it important that you only take antibiotics when you need them?
Because this will slow doown the rate of development of resistant strains such as MRSA
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What do you need to do to grow micro organisms?
Use agar jelly (conatins carbs, proteins etc. for microorganisms) Steralise inoculating loops, agar jelly and petri dishes. Keep at about 25 degrees in schools
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What health risks are linked to obesity?
Back
Arthritis, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, high cholesterol
Card 3
Front
What health risks are linked to being underweight?
Back
Card 4
Front
Why is exercise important?
Back
Card 5
Front
How can your health be affected by inherited factors?
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