Control, Genomes and Environment key words

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Gene
A piece of DNA coding for a polypeptide and determines a specific characteristic
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Allele
Variant form of a gene
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Recessive
Allele only expressed when homozygous
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Dominant
Allele if present is switched on/expressed
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Homozygous
Organisms cells have identical alleles for a gene
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Heterozygous
Cells have different alleles for a gene
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Genotype
Genetic constitution of an organism
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Phenotype
Expression of the genotype and interaction with the environment
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Homogametic sex
Human females, ova is single X (and always is X)
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Heterogametic sex
Human males, X or Y in sperm
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Monohybrid inheritance
Genetic cross for one gene
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Dihybrid inheritance
Genetic cross for two genes
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F1 generation
First set of offspring from genetic cross
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F2 generation
Second set of offspring from genetic cross
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Locus
Specific location of gene on a chromosome
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Sex chromosomes
Females have ** and males have XY
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Sex linkage
Genes carried ion sex chromosomes, inheritance differences in males and females
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Test cross
Identifying unknown genotypes
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Pure breeding
Homozygous for particular gene, self fertilised to produce identical offspring
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Multiple alleles
Gene has more than two allele types
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Phenotype ratio
Proportions of a phenotype occurring
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Codominance
Both alleles expressed in phenotype
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Variant form of a gene

Back

Allele

Card 3

Front

Allele only expressed when homozygous

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Allele if present is switched on/expressed

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Organisms cells have identical alleles for a gene

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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