What is a major setting for the construction of masculinity?
Schools
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What have 'Laddish' behaviours spread to?
Most boys within working and middle class, leading to underachievement
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What are anti-school subcultures developed by?
Most working class boys, due to them being placed in low ability groups
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What did Jackson study?
203 students from 8 different schools
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What did he receive?
Questionnaire data from 800 students from 6 different schools
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What did Jackson find?
That 'Laddish' behaviour is most frequent among 13-14 year old boys
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What is their behaviour based off?
The idea that it is 'uncool' to work and that appearing cool is necessary to be popular
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What was the behaviour constructed within?
A framework of hegemonic masculinity- the dominant of masculinity, based on heterosexuality, toughness and competitiveness
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What did the boys think they had to do to be cool?
Disrupt lessons, which restricted their academic success
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What was the solution?
To reject schoolwork by messing around but to work secretly, usually at home
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What does Jackson suggest this solution favours?
Middle class boys- better able to balance being popular and academically successful due to having efficient resources
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What did Epstein examine?
The way masculinity is constructed within schools
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What did Epstein find?
That working class boys are more likely to be harassed, labelled as 'sissies' and subjected to homophobic verbal abuse if they appear to be 'swots'
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In W/C culture, what is masculinity associated with?
Being tough and doing manual work, not schoolwork
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Why do working class boys reject doing school work?
To avoid being called 'gay'
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What did Francis find?
That boys were more concerned about being labelled as 'swots' because this label is more of a threat to their masculinity than it is to girls' femininity
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What does Francis believe the 'Laddish' culture is becoming widespread because of?
Girls moving into traditional masculine areas, such as careers
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How do the boys respond to this?
By becoming increasingly 'Laddish' in their effort to construct themselves as non feminine
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What have 'Laddish' behaviours spread to?
Back
Most boys within working and middle class, leading to underachievement
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