Conservatism

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Who are the 5 key thinkers?
Burke, Oakshott, Hobbes, Nozick and Rand
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What are the 3 different areas of conservatism?
Traditional, One-nation and New Right
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What are the 6 key ideas?
Pragmatism, tradition, human imperfection, organic society, paternalism and libertarianism
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What is meant by the term pragmatism?
A flexible approach making decisions based on experience and what works not theory.
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Which thinker supports pragmatism and why?
Oakshott as he believes it will ensure order and stability which is important due to human incapability
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What will pragmatism prevent and achieve?
It will prevent revolution by gradual reform and will maintain order and key institutions.
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What is meant by 'change to conserve'?
There is circumstances when change is necessary but should evolve gradually.
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What is meant by the term empiricism?
Knowledge based on experience
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Which thinker is linked to pragmatism?
Burke
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Why does Burke believe empiricism is important?
To learn from the french revolution and prevent anything similar occurring again.
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What does tradition create/ensure?
A strong sense of identity/ social cohesion and security.
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What do neo-conservatives believe the role of tradition is?
To provide moral guidance and authority in a modern society.
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What do humans need due to their imperfect nature?
Shared experiences, support of tradition, tested structures and authority.
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Which thinker is linked to human imperfection?
Hobbes
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What is Hobbes view of human nature?
Human are needy and vulnerable and easily led astray in their attempts to understand the world.
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What is meant by an organic society?
All parts are needed to flourish due to being interdependent. (But not all parts are equal like a human body).
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What would happen without this type of society?
We would descend into anarchy and atomism.
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What is important in an organic society?
Hierarchy
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How can this society cause fear of diversity?
Shared/common norms and values are important for society to flourish.
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What is paternalism?
A natural hierarchy exists where upper classes have a duty of care (fatherly obligations- nobelese oblige) over those at the bottom.
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How did paternalism develop?
It was developed by Disraeli as a response to growing inequality in the Victorian era and the risk of revolution.
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What are the two types of paternalism?
Soft- recipients give consent and hard- imposed regardless of consent in an authoritarian manner.
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Which thinkers are linked to libertarianism?
Rand and Nozick
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What is Rand's key concept?
Objectivism
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What is meant by objectivism?
Individuals are free, rational and will put ones own interests above any of societies issues.
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What is Nozick's view of the state?
No state more than minimal can be justified (nightwatchman).
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What does libertarianism aim to do?
Liberate the economy from state regulation (link to new-liberalism).
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Which thinkers would be considered traditional conservatives?
Burke and Oakshott
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Which thinkers would be considered New right?
Rand and Nozick
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What key idea is one-nation conservatism linked with?
Paternalism
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What is a contemporary example of one-nation conservatism?
Cameron- compassionate conservatism. May- "shared society".
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How is the New Right a rival to one nation conservatism?
It opposes a managed economy and welfare state.
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What are the two branched on the new right?
Neo-liberalism and neo-conservatism
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What are the key ideas of neo-liberalism?
Privatisation, deregulation, low taxation, anti-welfare (dependency culture).
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What are the key ideas of neo-conservatism?
Nationalisation (stability and security), strong law and order, importance of faith and family.
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What was neo-conservatism a reaction to?
Freedoms gained by women and other social groups in the 1960's.
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What is Hobbes view of the state?
It should be autocratic and followed with total obedience.
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What is Burke' view of society?
We live in little platoons.
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What is Burke's view of human nature?
There is a gap between human aspiration and achievement.
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What is Oakshott's view of human nature?
People do not have the mental ability to understand our complex world.
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What is Nozick's view of human nature?
Peopl own their own abilities, bodies and talents and should not be used as a means to and end.
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What is Nozick's view of the economy?
He is in oppsition to taxation believing it is a form of slavery and favours privatisation and deregulation.
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What is Rand's view of the state?
It should be confines to law, order and national security.
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What is Oakshott and Burke's shared view of the economy?
Laissez-faire capitalism
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are the 3 different areas of conservatism?

Back

Traditional, One-nation and New Right

Card 3

Front

What are the 6 key ideas?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is meant by the term pragmatism?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Which thinker supports pragmatism and why?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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