When a person goes along with a group only when group members are present but keep their own private beliefs
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IDENTIFICATION
Where a person temporarily adopts the views or habits of a group but if they cease to identify as a group member then this conformity will also stop
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INTERNALISATION
Where a person permanently adopts the beliefs/behaviours of the group even when they are no longer a group member
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MOTIVATION TO CONFORM:
INFORMATIONAL INFLUENCE
When uncertainty leads to a person adopting a behaviour/belief as they have a desire to be right
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NORMATIVE SOCIAL INFLUENCE
When a person conforms as they have a desire to fit in
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INDIVIDUAL FACTORS THAT AFFECT CONFORMITY:
GENDER
Mori and Arai's study found that females conform more than males as no men conformed in the experiment
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SELF-ESTEEM
Asch suggested that those with low self-esteem are more likely to conform as they are more likely to fear rejection
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MOOD
:) = Conform
:( = Not Conform
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SITUATIONAL FACTORS THAT AFFECT CONFORMITY:
GROUP SIZE
People conformed at group size 3 - Any more people after that only made a slight difference
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GROUP UNANIMITY
People were less likely to conform if group unanimity is broken and they have someone agreeing with them
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TASK DIFFICULTY
Conformity increases if the task is more difficult due to informational influence and wanting to be right
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CULTURAL FACTORS THAT AFFECT CONFORMITY:
INDIVIDUALISTIC CULTURES
Conformity lower as it is embraced to be different and to not conform to societies standards
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COLLECTIVIST CULTURES
Conformity higher as they focus on group harmony and conformity is seen as a good thing to bring people together
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TIME PERIOD
Western culture in 1950's discouraged conformity whereas 60's/70's encouraged conformity
-> TIMES CHANGE
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ASCH 1951 STUDY OF CONFORMITY:
AIM
To demonstrate the power of conformity in group situations
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METHOD
8 people (7 confederates and 1 participant) were asked to answer a line judgement task and the confederates answered some correctly and some incorrectly
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FINDINGS
75% of participants conformed with the incorrect answer at least once
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EVALUATION
(WEAKNESSES)
Lacks population validity - All males of same age group
Lacks ecological validity - People not faced with these tasks daily
Ethical issues - Deception
Some confederates more convincing than others
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MORI AND ARAI 2010 STUDY OF CONFORMITY:
AIM
To replicate Asch's study without the confederates
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METHOD
104 Japanese students split into groups of four, all wearing special glasses so 3 can see one thing and one can see something else
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FINDINGS
Males did not conform at all
Females conformed to the same level as in Asch's study
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EVALUATION
(STRENGTHS)
Males and females
Concluded that less conformity in males due to generational changes
Participants knew each other - More realistic representation as to how a person will conform
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EVALUATION
(WEAKNESSES)
Cultural differences - Japanese collectivist culture
All participants same age group - all students
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
IDENTIFICATION
Back
Where a person temporarily adopts the views or habits of a group but if they cease to identify as a group member then this conformity will also stop
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