What are the key concepts of operant conditioning?
• Differential reinforcement
• Extinction
• Transfer
• Discrimination training
• Clever Hans effect
1 of 11
What is the Clever Hans Effect?
the danger of unintentional cueing of the desired behaviour by the questioner if experiments are not carefully designed.
2 of 11
What are the problems with removing landmines?
• Expensive ($3-75 to lay; $300-1000 to remove)
• Slow for humans with metal detectors to detect – four days to cover an area the size of a tennis court
• Hazardous: humans and larger animals like dogs may trigger a landmine
3 of 11
What is APOPO and what do they do?
Apopo is a charity based in Tanzania using “HeroRats” to detect landmines
Reports:
• Finding 140k landmines & explosives
• Returning 64km2 of land to communities
4 of 11
What is sensory specialisation?
Animals’ sensory systems evolved to meet the challenges their environment provides
e.g., ultrasound, olfaction in moths, electroreception in sharks
5 of 11
What is clicker training?
Classical conditioning
Positive reinforcer
6 of 11
Give examples of animal welfare need
- shelter
- suitable diet
- absence of fear
- social needs
- need to exhibit normal behaviour
7 of 11
define judgement bias
a relative reaction to an ambiguous stimulus, expressing an “interpretation” of this stimulus and an “expectation” about the consequences of the reaction
e.g. glass half full or empty
8 of 11
How does the bird songs change?
• Birds learn songs early in life
• Leads to local patterns of song sharing and “dialects”
• Song learning is a challenging cognitive challenge hungry birds/stressed birds learn less precisely in the lab
9 of 11
What have lab experiments shown about bees?
• Can be trained to learn complex, non-natural tasks
• Can socially learn these traits through observation of each other
10 of 11
What are the cognitive abilities of bees?
• Trade-off speed and accuracy in foraging decisions
• Use complex communication of routes to food
• Learn which flower types are most rewarding
• Switch to social learning when environment is uncertain
11 of 11
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is the Clever Hans Effect?
Back
the danger of unintentional cueing of the desired behaviour by the questioner if experiments are not carefully designed.
Comments
No comments have yet been made