Geography

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What does ANNOTATE mean?
Labelling in detail with accuracy
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What does OUTLINE mean?
Briefly summarise the information
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What does SUGGEST mean?
Offer ideas
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What does DESCRIBE mean?
Say what you see
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What does COMPARE mean?
Look for similarities – how are things the same and different
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What does CONTRAST mean?
Look for differences between something
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What does EXPLAIN mean?
Give reasons for something happening
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What does ASSESS mean?
Judge the quality, effectiveness, benefits and negatives
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What does ANALYSE mean?
Break it down into smaller parts and examine all these parts
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What does EVALUATE mean?
Measure positives and negatives
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What does EXAMINE mean?
Inspect something closely for positives and negatives
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What is an earthquake?
An earthquake is when rock suddenly moves.
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What is a volcano?
A volcano is when liquid rock spews out through the Earth's surface.
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What are the four different types of plates?
There is destructive margins, collision margins, conservative margins and constructive margins.
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What are the different parts of a volcano?
The different parts of a volcano are the crater, the main vent, the secondary vent and the magma chamber.
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What causes weather?
Weather is caused by evaporation, shifts in the atmosphere, presipitation,the sun and water.
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What is micro-climate?
Micro-climate is the climate of a very small area.
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How are coasts shaped?
By the sea and the actions of waves.
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Waves can be...
Contructive and destructive.
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Destructive waves...
have a short wave length, are high and steep and erode the coast.
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Constructive waves...
have a long wave length, are low in height and help build up material on beaches via deposition.
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What is a settlement?
A settlement is a place where people live.
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What is hard engineering?
Hard engineering options tend to be expensive, short-term options. They may also have a high impact on the landscape or environment and may be unsustainable.
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What is soft engineering?
Soft engineering options are often less expensive than hard engineering options. They are usually more long-term and sustainable, with less impact on the environment.
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What is ecotourism?
Ecotourism is a type of sustainable development.
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What is population distribution?
Population distribution is the way in which people are spread across a given area.
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What is population density?
Population density is the average number of people per square kilometre.
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Advantages of tourism...
Tourism provides employment and income for local people, people choose to stay in the area which maintains essential services and services set up for tourists such as leisure facilities which can also be used by locals.
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Problems of tourism...
Employment can be seasonal with low wages, housing prices can rise and heavy traffic cause pollution and congestion.
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What is sustainable development?
Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
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What is GDP?
The Gross Domestic Product
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What is GNI?
The Gross National Income
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What is population?
The number of people living in a specific area.
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What is population balance?
Where births and deaths are almost equal.
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What is birth rate?
The number of live births per 1000 people per year.
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What is death rate?
The number of death per 1000 people per year.
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What is infant mortality?
The average number of deaths of children under 1 year of age per 1000 live births.
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What is natural increase?
The growth in population resulting from birth rates being greater than death rates.
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What is demography?
The study of changes in human populations using records of the number of births, deaths etc in a particular area.
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What is life expectancy?
The average number of years a person born in a particular country might be expected to live.
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What does exponentially mean?
When something starts to increase more rapidly.
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What does demographic mean?
The study of people.
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What is stage 1 of the demographic transition model?
High stationary (This stage applied to most of the world before the Industrial Revolution, both birth rates and death rates are high. As a result, population size remains fairly constant but can have major swings with events such as wars).
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What is stage 2 of the demographic transition model?
Early expanding (The introduction of modern medicine lowers death rates, especially among children, while birth rates remain high; the result is rapid population growth. Many of the least developed countries today are in Stage 2).
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What is stage 3 of the demographic transition model?
Late expanding (Birth rates gradually decrease, usually as a result of improved economic conditions, an increase in women’s status, and access to contraception. Population growth continues at a lower rate. Most developing countries are in Stage 3).
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What is stage 4 of the demographic transition model?
Low stationary (Both rates are low, stabilizing the population. Results: stronger economies, higher levels of education, better healthcare, an increase in working women, and a fertility rate around 2 children per woman - Most developed countries).
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What is stage 5 of the demographic transition model?
Declining (includes countries in which fertility rates have fallen significantly below replacement level (2 children) and the elderly population is greater than the youthful population).
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Describe stage 1 & 2 of the DTM for birth rates
Very high - Many children are needed for farming - Many children die at an early stage - There is a lot of religious / social encouragement - No family planning.
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Describe stage 3 of the DTM for birth rates
Falling rapidly - Improved medical care and diet - Fewer children are needed.
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Describe stage 4 & 5 of the DTM for birth rates
Falling more slowly - There is much more family planning - Health levels are good - The status of women shows improvement - Marriages occur at later ages.
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Describe stage 1 of the DTM for death rates
Very high - There is high levels of disease and famine - People have poor medical knowledge so many children die.
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Describe stage 2 & 3 of the DTM for death rates
Falling more slowly / rapidly - there are improvements in medical care, water supply and sanitation - Fewer children die.
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Describe stage 4 & 5 of the DTM for death rates
Slight fall - Good healthcare - Reliable food supply - People live much longer.
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What does a population pyramid show?
A countries population structure - Males on the left and females on the right - The total poplation split into 5 year age groups showing the proportionality of elderly to young.
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Where can population increase be found?
Mainly happening in Africa, the Middle East and parts of South America and South Asia - Higher birth rate than death rate.
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Where can population balance be found?
Mainly found in Europe and North America - Birth rate and death rate are equal.
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Where can population decline be found?
Central Russia, parts of central and east Europe - Death rate higher than birth rate.
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Definition of GNT
The average amount of money earned by a country in one year, divided by all of the people that live there.
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Definition of GDP
The total amount of money that a countrys services are worth, divided by the number of people living in that country.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Briefly summarise the information

Back

What does OUTLINE mean?

Card 3

Front

Offer ideas

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Say what you see

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Look for similarities – how are things the same and different

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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