cog psyhology

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what was aim 1 of sebastian hernadez gills study? (SBH)
the investigate the development of the phonological loop in children between the ages of 5 and 17 years
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what was aim 2 of SBH study?
to compare their previous findings on adults, dementia patients and spanish speakers.
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how many paticipants did SBH include?
570
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where were SBH ppts from?
schools in madrid
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how were the participants tested in SBH?
individually
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what did the test include in SBH?
participants were read increasing sequences of digits to recall.
digits were read one per second
maximum number of digits recalled in the correct order was recorded.
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what was the secondary data in SBH?
a previous study in 2010 on 25 healthy adults, 25 Alzheimer sufferers and 9 with front-temporal dementia.
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what was the mean digit span found for preschool ages? SBH
3.76
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what was the mean digit span found for primary school? SBH
5.13
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what was the mean age for Alzheimer's? SBH
4.20
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what did SBH conclude?
-digit span was found to increase with age
-digit span in Spanish people was shorter than Anglo Saxons due to word length effect
-poor digit span is due to ageing rather than mental issues.
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what was the aim of HM?
to investigate the impact of a surgical procedure on HM
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who was HM?
a 27 year old male who suffered with epilepsy and as a result got his hippocampus removed.
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what was the result of HMs hippocampus removal?
-could not encode new memories
-he had some semantic memories from before the operation
-unable to form new episodic memories
-he could recall memories from before the age of 16 but not after
-could still learn new motor skills
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what was the conclusion of the case study on HM?
there are different stores of memory
stm has a duration of 15-30 seconds
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what is a schema?
a mental representation of information based on past experiences
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what did bartlett say our memory is NOT like?
a tape recorder
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what is confabulation?
when a pre-existing schema fills in gaps in our memory
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what is rationalisation?
making sense of information based on our schema?
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what is the supporting evidence for schema theory?
war of the ghosts
lofts and palmer
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how does war of the ghosts support schema theory?
participants confabulated by adding new information to the story and rationalised by changing 'dying at sunrise' to sunset
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how does loftus and palmer support schema theory?
found EWT is reconstructive
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who are the criticising evidence for schema theory?
wynn and logie
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what is the capacity of the sensory register?
10 items
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how does wynn and logie criticise schema theory?
found that there was little change in recall when bartletts study was retested in real life settings.
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what is the capacity of short term memory?
5-9 items
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what is the capacity of long term memory?
potentially unlimited
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what is the duration of the sensory register?
2 secs
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what is the duration of short term memory?
15-30 secs
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what is the duration of long term memory?
potentially unlimited
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what is the mode of representation in the sensory register?
modality specific
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what is the mode of representation in short term memory?
auditory
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what is the mode of representation in long term memory?
semantic
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how do Glanzer and cunitz support MSM?
found we recall information at the start and end, recency effect
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how does HM support MSM?
supports the existence of two different stores as his STM was impaired but he could recall details from his past.
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how does bartlett criticise MSM?
states memory is a single store so suggests MSM is overly complex
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what is episodic memory?
- a mental diaryy
- time and context referenced
- input is continuous
- retrieval is dependent on cues
- cue retrieval failure
- memory trace is can change
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what is semantic memory?
- mental encyclopaedia
- independent of time referencing
- input can be fragmented
- retrieval cue independent
- memory trace is less susceptible to change
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how does godden and baddely support episodic and semantic memory?
found scuba divers recall was better when learning was in the same context as recall
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how does KC support episodic and semantic memory?
after a motorbike accident he was unable to recall many personal life events but his recall of factual information was intact.
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how does HM criticise episodic and sematic memory?
he could not recall long-term episodic memories but was still able to remember how to do certain tasks like piano. shows more than one long term memory.
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what is the role of the central executive in the WMM?
controls the other components
acts as a supervisory system
has a limited capacity and is modality free
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what are the two parts of the phonological loop in the WMM?
the primary acoustic store
the articulatory loop
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what is the role of the primary acoustic store in the WMM?
the inner voice
hold auditory memory traces for two seconds
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what is the role of the articulatory loop in the WMM?
revives memory traces by rehearsing them by talking without vocalising.
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What is the visuospatial sketch pad in the WMM?
the inner eye
holds information we see and manipulates spatial information
holds 3-4 objects at a time
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what are the two types of the visuospatial sketch pad in the WMM?
the visual cache: form and colour
the inner scribe: retrieval and rehearsal
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how does the corsi block experiment support the WMM?
found that errors increase with the number of blocks in a sequence
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how does the brocas area support the WMM?
suggested to be involved in the rehearsal side of the phonological loop
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how does lieberman criticise WMM?
says blind people have spatial memory but have never had any visual input so VSSP should be seperate.
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what was the aim of baddeleys study?
to investigate the influence of acoustic and sematic word similarity on learning and recall in STM and LTM
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who were the participants in baddeleys study?
72 men and women from the applied psychology research panel in Cambridge
assigned to one of four list conditions
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what was list A in baddeleys study?
10 acoustically similar words
e.g man cab can
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what was list B in baddeleys study?
10 acoustically dissimilar words
e.g pit few cow
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what was list C in baddeleys study?
10 semantically similar words
e.g great large big
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what was list D in baddeleys study?
10 semantically dissimilar words
e.g good huge hot
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how many trials were there for each list in baddeleys?
4
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how were the words shown in baddeleys?
on a slide projector
one word every three seconds
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what did participants complete after the word lists in baddeley?
a distraction task of 8-digit recalls which were presented one digit per second
and then a 15 minute self paced digit copying task
finally asked to recall the list of words in order
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what did baddeley find in his study?
initial learning was impaired by acoustically similar compared to dissimilar
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what did baddeley conclude?
LTM is impaired by semantic similarity
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what was aim 2 of SBH study?

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to compare their previous findings on adults, dementia patients and spanish speakers.

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how many paticipants did SBH include?

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where were SBH ppts from?

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how were the participants tested in SBH?

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