coasts

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  • Created by: bertie321
  • Created on: 05-01-22 09:21
what is hard engineering
building artificial structures which try to control natural processes.
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what are sea walls
Concrete walls that are placed at the foot of a cliff to prevent erosion.
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advantages of sea walls
Effective at protecting the base of the cliff.
Sea walls people can walk along them.
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disadvantages of sea walls
expensive and powerful waves can still erode the wall
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what is rock armour
Large boulders placed at the foot of a cliff that breaks up the waves to prevent erosion
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advantages of rock armour
cheaper and easy to maintain
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disadvantages of rock armour
different to local geology
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what are gabions
Rocks are held in mesh cages and placed in areas affected by erosion.
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advantages of gabions
cheap and absorbs wave energy
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disadvantages of gabions
not very strong and looks unnatural
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what are groynes
Wooden or rock structures built out at right angles into the sea.
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advantages of groynes
builds a beach which increases tourism and it stops longshore drift
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disadvantages of groynes
starves beaches further down the coastline and look unattractive
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what is soft engineering
it is when does not involve building artificial structures, but takes a more sustainable and natural approach to managing the coast.
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what is beach nourishment
it is where sand is pumped onto an existing beach to build it up.
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advantages of beach nourishment
blends into the existing beach and larger beaches appeal to tourists
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disadvantages of beach nourishment
Needs to be constantly replaced and the sand has
disadvantages of beach nourishment and the sand has to be brought from somewhere else
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what is reproofing
it is where the sediment is redistributed from the lower part of the beach to the upper part of the beach.
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advantages from reproofing
Cheap and simple and reduces the energy of the waves.
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disadvantages of reproofing
Only works when wave energy is low and needs to be repeated continuously.
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what is dune nourishment
it is where marram grass planted on sand dunes stabilises the dunes and helps to trap sand to build them up.
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advantages of dune nourishment
Relatively cheap and maintains a natural-looking coastline.
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disadvantages of dune nourishment
Can be damaged by storm waves and areas have to be zoned off from the public, which is unpopular.
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what is managed retreat
it is where you control flooding of low-lying coastal areas.
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advantages of managed retreat
This is a cheap option compared to paying for sea defences and it creates a salt marsh which can provide habitats for wildlife and a natural defence against erosion and flooding.
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disadvantages of managed retreat
land is lost as it is reclaimed by the sea and landowners need to be compensated - this can cost between £5,000 - £10,000 per hectare.
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what is a headland and bay
it is where cliffs along the coastline do not erode at the same pace. When a stretch of coastline is formed from different types of rock, headlands and bays can form.
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what is a wave cut platform
A wave-cut platform is a wide gently-sloping surface found at the foot of a cliff.
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how is a wave cut platform formed
The sea attacks the base of the cliff between the high and low water mark. A wave-cut notch is
formed by erosional processes such as abrasion and hydraulic action. As the notch increases in size, the cliff becomes unstable and collapses, leading to t
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how are Caves, arches, stacks and stumps formed
As the waves continue to grind away at the crack, it begins to open up to form a cave.
The cave becomes larger and eventually breaks through the headland to form an arch.
The base of the arch continually becomes wider through further erosion, until its ro
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how are beaches formed
Beaches are made up from eroded material that has been transported from elsewhere and then deposited by the sea.
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what is a spit
A spit is an extended stretch of sand or shingle jutting out into the sea from the land.
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how are spits formed
Sediment is carried by longshore drift. When there is a change in the shape of the coastline, deposition occurs. A long thin ridge of material is deposited. This is the spit. A hooked end can form if there is a change in wind direction. Waves cannot get p
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what are sea walls

Back

Concrete walls that are placed at the foot of a cliff to prevent erosion.

Card 3

Front

advantages of sea walls

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

disadvantages of sea walls

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what is rock armour

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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