why are there issues diagnosing borderline personality disorder
highly co-morbid with many other forms of distress. comorbid wit: 96% any mood disorder, 71-83% MDD, 88% any anxiety disorder etc
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what approach would be more helpful than diagnosing BPD?
more useful to look at indiv and their life and see how their experiences link with how they feel
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what are some criticisms of diagnosis of mental health illnesses?
validity of concept has issues (are pd's real?), implies there's something wrong with and indivs personality - shifts blame to the indiv and creates stigma, diagnosis of disorder doesn't always help how they feel
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what is psychopathy according to DSM?
pervasive pattern of disregard for, & violation of, the rights of others than begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues in to adulthood. classes as antisocial personality disorder
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how does diagnosis of psychopathy differ across countries?
psychopathy checklist you get a score from. a score of 30+ in the US indicates psychopathy diagnosis. score of 25+ indicates psychooathy diagnosis in the UK.
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what is the 2 factor model of psychopathy?
2 types: factor 1 (primary/successful psychopathy) and factor 2 (secondary or unsuccessful psychopathy)
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what is factor 1 psychopathy characterised by?
superficial charm, manipulative interpersonal style, callousness, remorseless use of others
no brain abnormalities, may have superior executive functioning/cog empathy, may be genetic (passed on), may be related to career success
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what is the brain like in unsuccessful psychopaths?
reduced amygdala prefrontal volume, deficits in planning, fear conditioning, emotional understanding/expression, more under environmental influences
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what is the prevalence of psychopaths?
1-2% of population (30% of prison population)
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what did marcus et al say about diagnosing psychopathy?
would be better studied as a normal continuum of personality variation - questionnaires can be used to measure it in non-clinical and non-forensic situations
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what did linda mealey say about psychopathy?
perhaps it is an evo adaptations rather than disorder. frequency dependent selection. fast life history strategy, male mating adaptation?
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what is the mixed strategy equilibrium?
evo stable - non-altruists rare so altruists less supecting of exploitation by freeriders, so more likely to cooperate with them, fitness of altruists not reduced too much as not being exploited too often.
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how does the life history strategy show plasticity?
indivs respond to environment in adaptive manner, trade off between reproductive and somatic effort, parenting effort or mating effort
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what is r selected strategy?
fast life history strategy - mature earlier, have more offspring and less parental care.
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what is k selected strategy?
slow life history strategy - longer period of maturation before reproduction, fewer offspring and more parental care
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what was nakayama et al's study on life history>?
pace of life sydrome hyp - indiv behav. variation coevolves with life history variation, causing fast indivs to display more bold personalities than slow. looked at a fish - those w/ greater reproductive effort changed more often btn, active-passive
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what does this study show?
fast life history strategies are associated w/ more active and bold personalities. fast fish grew faster, moved across larger distances. risk taking, impulsivity related to it.
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how is psychopathy an adaptation for fast life history strategy?
psychopathy relates to evening chronotype, more likely to procrastinate more, relates to high incidence of everyday small crimes, more risk taking and future discounting
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how does psychopathy develop?
environmental influences (parenting, SES, trauma) or genes interacting with the environment
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how do genes and environment interact to develop psychopathy?
indivs homozygous for short allele who experienced sig. life stressors show more maladaptive br. (internalising br, depression, anxiety). homozyg for long not as affected by envuronment (could be callous and unemotional). hetero(long&short) fall betw
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what did glenn find?
long allele of serotonin transporter show parallels with psychopathy studies. long/long genotype assoc. w/ psychopath traits in neuropsyc, hormones and brain imaging
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what are some examples of psychopathy being successful?
good at lie detection (lyons), cold manipulation and success, bold, fearless dominance and presidential success, entrepeneurial activities
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
what approach would be more helpful than diagnosing BPD?
Back
more useful to look at indiv and their life and see how their experiences link with how they feel
Card 3
Front
what are some criticisms of diagnosis of mental health illnesses?
Back
Card 4
Front
what is psychopathy according to DSM?
Back
Card 5
Front
how does diagnosis of psychopathy differ across countries?
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