The Dark Triad of Personality

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  • Created by: Caitlinl
  • Created on: 24-05-17 14:25
What is the dark triad?
Constellation of personality traits
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What are the 3 components of the dark triad of personality?
Psychopathy, machiavellianism and narcissism
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How are these traits characterised?
Selfish and exploitative interpersonal orientation
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What is primary psychopathy?
"successful psychopath"; lacks empathy and remorse - achieve more positions of power
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What is secondary psychopathy?
Less successful; more likely to go to prison, impulsive and inability to control behaviour; more antisocial tendencies - affected by genetic predispositions
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What is machiavellianism?
Sub-clinical psychopathy - cynical in human nature and selfish - ends justify the means
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what is narcissism?
Self-entitled; manipulative and grandiose views of themselves
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How can the traits be classified?
Good and bad traits - adaptive in different circumstances
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Who displays more DT traits?
Males- typically through typical evaluating adaptation
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Are DT personality traits or disorders?
Narcissism - Narcissistic Personality Disorder; Psychopathy - Anti-social personality disorder (no clear place in DSM)
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How can traits such as narcissism and psychopathy be displayed?
As varying on a continuum from low to high
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What are the DSM symptoms of narcissism?
Need 5+; grandiose sense of self-importance; preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success etc; believes they are special and therefore should only associate with high power people; recurrent excessive admiration; lacks empathy; sense of entitlemen
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What are the DSM symptoms of narcissism (ctd)?
Interpersonal exploitation; envious of others; arrogant, haughty behaviour
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How can narcissism be seen as an epidemic?
There has been an increase in narcissism since the 1960s; done via the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) - compared new and 30-40 years ago; song lyrics contain more narcissistic lyrics
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How is the dark triad portrayed through social media?
Odd updates study (Garua and Sikstrom, 2014); Narcissistic people take more selfies (Fox and Rooney, 2015); the link between psychopathy, machiavellianism& ****** (online trolling, Buckells et al, 2014); n visible in fb pages (Buffardi&Campbell 2008)
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What are the features of fast Life History Theory?
Early sexual maturation and reproduction; more kids, expolitative here and now attitude to life;
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Why do people who possess a fast LHT have more kids?
Evolution makes sure their genes are passed on before death
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What did Jonason et al (2009) find?
Men have more DT traits, higher self reported mating success; adaptive - pursuing fast life history strategy, might lie about success
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How can LFT measurements be taken?
Can be long, which means higher drop out rates; shorter (i item Narc Q; dirty dozen, short DT 3)
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What affects DT according to Vernon et al, (2008)?
Mono and dizygotic twins - concordance rates for DT; Psychopathy means higher heritability, then narcissism; machiavellianism lower but still of moderate magnitude; genetic component for DT - environment more impact
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What did Vernon et al (2008) recall about parenting styles?
Cold/uncaring parents mean higher scores in psychopathy and machiavellianism
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How do DT traits develop?
Complex interaction between genetic predisposition and environment
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What is the link between DT and chronotype?
People who are high in second type psychopathy, mach and nar are more evening type people; primary psychs morning people
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What is a chronotype?
People who stay up late and sleep late
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What did Bateman (1948) do?
Significant differences in reproductive investment - females reproductive success dependent on: good genes and good resources; males have more reproductive success by having sex with loads of different females
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What did Bateman (1948) find?
Beh, psych and physical sex differences; women prefer higher DT males - beneficial to have these genes for their kids; higher likeliness of male deserting and therefore lower reproductive success
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What is the Ovulatory Shift Hypothesis?
When women are ovulating they prefer men with more masculine facial features; indicator of good genes; masculinity and testosterone; genetically beneficial for woman's kids
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What did Atkin, Lyons and Jonason do?
Asked men to write dating adverts to attract women; measured men's mach (5 high, 5 low); asked women to rate where on mesntrual cycle, Higher mach, more voted to be short term partners
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What was found in masculinity research?
If women prefer higher DT male faces; women disliked high DT men;Self report mating success of high DT males due to exploitation, manipulation or force
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What did Buston and Emlon( 2003) find?
Assortative mating for family commitments, sexual fidelity, physical appearance; wealth and status
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What did Boutwell, Beaver and Barnes (2012) find?
Couples are similar in criminal behaviour and substance use - dark triad in initial male attention
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What is the link between DT and mate choice?
Dating ads - correlation between individual DT score and preference for DT traits in opposite partner
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What do women who are high in psychopathy find attractive?
Higher psychopathy men (good 1 night stand)
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What did high psychopathy men find attractive?
High psychopathy women, good mothers to their kids and good 1 night stands, narcissistic women find them attractive, not the reverse
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Card 2

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What are the 3 components of the dark triad of personality?

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Psychopathy, machiavellianism and narcissism

Card 3

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How are these traits characterised?

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Card 4

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What is primary psychopathy?

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Card 5

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What is secondary psychopathy?

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