The first to recognize the full circulation of the blood in the human body and to provide experiments and arguments to support this idea.
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Name 3 main veins.
Aorta, pulmonary vein, hepatic portal vein
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Name 3 main arteries.
Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, pulmonary artery
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What type of circulation do humans have?
Double, closed
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Describe the structural differences between arteries and veins. (3)
Artery lumen is smaller than vein lumen, Artery muscle is smooth and thicker than vein muscle, valves present in veins not arteries
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Describe the structural similarities between arteries and veins. (2)
Collagen and elastin present and similar in both
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Why are valves needed in veins?
to prevent venous return
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Define Systolic pressure.
the maximum pressure your heart exerts while beating.
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Define Diastolic pressure
the amount of pressure in your arteries between pumps
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What is atrial systole?
the contraction of the atria by which blood is forced into the ventricles
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What is ventricular systole?
the contraction of the ventricles, forcing blood into th aorta and pulmonary artery
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What is atrial diastole?
the period of relaxation of the atrial muscle
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What is ventricular diastole?
the period of relaxation of the ventricular muscle
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Why is the left ventricular wall thicker than the rest of the heart?
the muscle has to provide enough force to pump blood to the rest of the body
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(Briefly) What are the 3 stages of the cardiac cycle?
1. Atria contract 2. Ventricles contract and blood pressure within them increases 3. Ventricles stop contracting so pressure within them falls
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What happens when the atria contract? (4)
Blood is pushed from the atria into the ventricles through the open atrio-ventricular valves. Semi lumar valves are closed, so the ventricles fill with blood
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What happens when the ventricles contract? (5)
the atrio-ventricular valves close, blood pressure within the ventricles increases, semi lunar valves open, blood is pumped into the arteries and the atria begin to fill with blood from the veins
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What happens when the ventricles relax? (5)
Ventricular pressure falls, semi lunar valves close. Once the ventricular pressure has fallen below the arterial pressure, the atrio-ventricular valves open. Blood entering the atrium from the veins flows on to start filling the ventricles
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What is blood pressure (BP)?
the resistance to blood flow by the arteries
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What is high blood pressure called?
Hypertension
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What is low blood pressure called?
Hypotension
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What is BP measured in?
mmHG
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In a blood pressure fraction, what value is the systolic pressure?
top
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Why is the heart considered myogenic?
because it generates its own beat, due to its electrical conductivity in the muscle itself
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In an electrocardiogram trace, what is the P wave?
atrial systole
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In an electrocardiogram trace, what is the QRS complex?
ventricular systole
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In an electrocardiogram trace, what is the T wave?
ventricular diastole
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What does a defibrillator do?
it restarts the electrical signalling in the heart
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Define fibrillation
very rapid irregular contractions of the muscle fibers of the heart resulting in a difference between heartbeat and pulse.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Name 3 main veins.
Back
Aorta, pulmonary vein, hepatic portal vein
Card 3
Front
Name 3 main arteries.
Back
Card 4
Front
What type of circulation do humans have?
Back
Card 5
Front
Describe the structural differences between arteries and veins. (3)
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