1 year = pro to words. 2 years= 200. 5 years = 2000. 7 years = 4000
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what are a childs first words likely to be?
nouns, verbs and adjectives
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explain over extension and under extension
overextension = a word is given a wider meaning. Underextension = a words meaning is narrowed
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Explain Morphology, free morphemes and bound morphemes
morphology is the study of the structure of words. free morphemes can exist on their own whereas bound morphemes must be attached to others (bi-, pre-)
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explain simple, compound and complex sentences
simple sentences generally follow the subject-verb-object rule. compound sentences are 2 joined simple sentences. complex sentences are 2 clauses joined together.
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explain short vowels, long vowels, dipthongs and consonant clusters
short vowels do not sound like the letter (Apple) whereas long vowels do (gAte). Dipthongs are 2 vowels joined togetehr whereas consonant cluster are 2+ consonants joined together.
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explain plosives, fricatives and affricatives.
plosives= are made when the flow of air is completely stopped (P/B). Fricatives are when the airflow is only partially interrupted. Affricatives are a combination of the two (ch)
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explain analytic phonics
onset +rime scheme. taught initial sounds, middle sounds, and final sounds (reading schemes are often used
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explain synthetic phonics
learn 44 phonemes and then blend them together. see symbol, listen to the sound and use an action to reinforce, learnt in whole-class teaching groups
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General trends of speaking
consonant at the beggining of words are used correctly whereas consonants at the ends of words are not. words that occur often will be learnt before less-frequent words
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readers draw upon the following cues to make sense of a text (6)
Semantic (the things around a text), Syntactic (what comes next), Visual, Graphophonic (actual text), Contextual. (Miscues are errors made whilst reading)
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Key features of a reading scheme (8)
Lexical repetition. Sentence frames. Common form verbs. Sentences. Limited modifiers. Noun phrases (together). Consistent repetition of sound. Text-image cohesion
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Phonetic simplification (5)
Deletion, Final consonants dropped, unstressed syllables deleted, consonant clusters reduced and substitution
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Phonological development (AARC)
addition to extra vowel sounds to the ends of words. Assimilation happens when one consonant or vowel becomes similar to another. Reduplication is when different phonemes are pronounced in similar ways. CVCV
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Why read to children? (7)
Interaction with books. Learning about non-immediate environment. Learning to recognise representation. Entertainment purposes. Morality lessons. Pleasure in reading. Develop sensori-motor skills
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links to Oral poetry
repeated phrases, epithets and metre/rhythm
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functions of childrens books (8)
to be read TO children.help with speech development. increase knowledge. enjoyable/shared experience. introduce children to storytelling. morals. infuse a love of reading. introduce children to the written word
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Why do we write? (6)
long distance communication. permanent record. appropriate format. some people can not speak. social interaction and creative writing
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5 skills for writing
holding a pen. letter shapes. directionality. space between words. full stops and capital letters
vocabulary systems. sentences. phonology. discourse. social conventions. graphology. variants in language
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issues with spelling (4)
Homophones (their/theyre/there). Homonyms (Bow/Reading). Silent letters. Letter combinations that change (CHristmas/caKe)
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5 spelling stages
Pre-phonemic (imitate writing). Semi-phonemic (link letter shapes and sounds). Phonetic-phonemes (phonemes can be represented by graphemes) Transitional (phonic knowledge and visual memory combined) Conventional (spell most words correctly)
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
what are a childs first words likely to be?
Back
nouns, verbs and adjectives
Card 3
Front
explain over extension and under extension
Back
Card 4
Front
Explain Morphology, free morphemes and bound morphemes
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