Those who believe language is acquired through imitation and reinforcement
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Over-Generalisation
Draw a conclusion or make a statement about (something) that is more general than is justified
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Virtuous Errors
When children make a mistake by over-generalising or over-applying a rule to words
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Nurture
care for and protect (someone or something) while they are growing
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Innateness
The innateness hypothesis is an expression coined by Hilary Putnam to refer to a linguistic theory of language acquisition which holds that at least some knowledge about language exists in humans at birth
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LAD
The LAD is a system of principles that children are born with that helps them learn language, and accounts for the order in which children learn structures, and the mistakes they make as they learn
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Linguistic Creativity
The creative aspect of language use is that a science of language can study the mechanisms that make language use possible, but that such a science cannot explain how these mechanisms enter into human action in the form of language use
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Jean Aitchison
Explored three main areas linked to childrens language; packaging, labelling,and network building exploring labels to see what they can be applied to linking the labels to objects which children can refer to and finding similarities and differences
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Brown
Researched morphemes that appeared in early child language i.e. present progressive -ing, regular plural -s , irregular past possessive, regular past -ed, contractible auxilliary, irregular third person, and contractible copula
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Cognitive
Connected with thinking or conscious mental processes
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Bellugi
Pronoun development: pronouns are difficult to master and therefore children learn them in three stages: 1. the child uses their own name e.g. "Tom play".
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Bellugi
2. the child recognises I/me pronouns and that these are used in different places within a sentence e.g. "I play toy" and "me do that".
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Bellugi
3. the child uses them according to whether they are in the subject or object position within a sentence e.g. "I play with the toy" and "give it to me".
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Bellugi
children find it difficult to use negatives correctly at first and learn forms of the negative in three stages, from 'no' through to 'don't' and 'am not'.
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Chomsky
Innateness/Nativist theory: Humans are born with an inbuilt pre-disposition to language. They have 'linguistic universals' and have a LAD (language acquisition device). They are equipped to discover the grammar of their language because it's innate.
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Halliday
Children acquire language in order to facilitate developments in life: Instrumental, Regulatory, Interactional, Personal, Representational, Imaginative, Heuristic.
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CDS
The most suitable way to refer to the form of language used when speaking to a child
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Bruner
Language Acquisition Support System (L.A.S.S) - For spoken language, the idea that ritualised activities, like meal time and bed time, have rules and are predictable so that children can learn
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Piaget
Interactionalism: Linked linguistic development with an understanding of the concepts surrounding the words' meanings, meaning that speech development is linked to the development of the brain (cognitive capacity).
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Piaget
The stages were: sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, formal operational
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Skinner
Imitation theory: children copy adults and learn language through the positive or negative reinforcement they receive from their imitations
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Skinner
Reinforcement: Idea of positive and negative reinforcement used to encourage or discourage readers.
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Bruner
L.A.S.S - Adults use books to interact with children and encourage speech. Says this is four phased: 1. Gain attention 2. Query 3. Label 4. Feedback Sees children as active learners and sees social contexts as important.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Draw a conclusion or make a statement about (something) that is more general than is justified
Back
Over-Generalisation
Card 3
Front
When children make a mistake by over-generalising or over-applying a rule to words
Back
Card 4
Front
care for and protect (someone or something) while they are growing
Back
Card 5
Front
The innateness hypothesis is an expression coined by Hilary Putnam to refer to a linguistic theory of language acquisition which holds that at least some knowledge about language exists in humans at birth
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