Child Language Acquisition:

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  • Created by: 10dhall
  • Created on: 13-06-17 18:36
What is a behaviourist theorist?
Skinner - NURTURE
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What does he believe?
He believes that imitation is important, operant conditioning, reinforcement in conversations, Chomsky is the main rival, theory cannot explain how children make up phrases they have never heard before, rewards through parents
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What is a innateness theorist?
Chomsky - believes in the LAD, NATURE
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What is a cognitive theorist?
Piaget - normal part of learning and developing
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What is an interactional theorist?
Bruner - through playing / games / turn taking, adults fit their language for acquisition
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What did Lenneberg state?
That children have a critical period, goes against Chomsky in relation to Genie
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What is David Crystall's theory on language development?
1) Cries, burps, burbles 2) Cooing/gaga 3) Babbling 4) First words
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What are the stages of learning to write?
1) Drawings and sign writing 2) Letter like forms 3) Copied letters 4) Child's names / names 5) Words 6) Sentences 7) Text
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What is the first stage of spoken language?
One word stage/holophrastic stage: 1 year old when it speaks its first word, between 12-18 months they speak single words 'milk' 'mummy' concrete nouns, 'allgone', 'juice' can mimic a whole sentence 'I want juice'
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What is the second stage of spoken language?
Two-word stage: 18 months old, sentences: 'jenny sleeping' - subject + verb, 'suzy juice' verb + object, 'daddy busy' subject + complement. They miss words out, focus on key words
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What is the third stage of spoken language?
Telegraphic stage: 2 years, 3/4 word utterances some can be grammatically correct 'mummy likes tea', likely to drop out articles 'a' 'the', prepositions, auxiliary verbs, conjunctions
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What is the fourth stage of spoken language?
Post-telegraphic stage: 2 years, language becomes like adult speech and use a-lot of pronouns
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what are David Crystals first words?
Mummy, milk, biscuits, juice, daddy
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What are some trends identified within phonological development?
1) By the age of 2 children will master all vowels & almost consonants 2) age of 4 only some issues with con 3) can take up til they're 6/7. Reduplication of sounds 'dog' 'gog', drop letters for easier ones, simplify sounds dropping certain sounds
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What is the theory carried out by Berko and Brown?
Child referred to fish as 'fis'
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What are Barry Kroll's stages in writing?
Prepatory stage, consolidation stage, differentiation stage, integration sstage
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What are fine motor skills?
Holding a pen, tripod grip
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What is the preparatory stage?
Up to age 6, the child is developing fine motor skills and practicing holding a pen, getting to grips with spelling principles
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What is the consolidation stage?
This is up to 7-8 years old, children write as they speak in short declarative sentences using conjunctions such as 'and' or 'but', sentences will often be incomplete
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What is the differentiation stage?
From ages 9-10, the child begins to differentiate between speech and writing and different styles of writing, errors are mate, guidelines provided, writing can reflect thoughts and feelings
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What is the integration stage?
Mid teens, the children are developing a personal style and can alter their writing according to their audience and purpose
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What is child directed speech?
When adults use phonology and language techniques to help guide children
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What do adults do in terms of phonology?
They speak more slowly, separate phrases more distinctly leaving a pause, use higher pitches and rising intonations to emphasise key words, exaggeration also
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What do they do in terms of lexis and semantics?
They use alot of concrete nouns 'cat' 'train', adopt a child's own word for things 'doggie', frequent use of the childs name, absence of pronouns
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What do they do in terms of grammar?
Simple constructions, frequent imperatives, repetition, use personal names instead of pronouns 'mummy' instead of 'I', fewer verbs and modifiers and adjectives, simple sentences, commands, questions, tag questions, repeated sentences
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What do they do in pragmatics?
Lots of gestures and warm body language, frequently stopping for child to respond, supportive language
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What are some theorists on CDS?
Berko and Brown - fish 'fis', Katherine Nelson found that in the holophrastic stage children whose mothers corrected them advanced more slowly than the accepting mothers
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What is the first stage in Piaget's theory?
Sensorimonitor stage
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What is the second stage in Piaget's theory?
The preoperational stage
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What is the third stage?
The concrete operational stage
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What is the fourth stage?
Formal operations
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What happens in the sensorimonitor stage?
0-2, object permanence; knowing that an object exists even without it being there. Requires mental representation
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Preoperational stage?
2-7, they think of things symbolically; a word or a thing alone
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Concrete operational?
7-11, major turning point; the child can start to work things out in their own head
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Formal operation?
11+, abstract thoughts and logical
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