Chemistry - Metals

?
  • Created by: becky.65
  • Created on: 07-05-15 19:06
List the reactivity series in order from most reactive to least reactive
Potassium, Sodium, Lithium, Calcium, Magnesium, Aluminium, Zinc, Iron, Tin, Lead, Copper, Silver, Gold
1 of 42
What happens in a displacement reaction?
A more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal from an aqueous solution of one of its salts
2 of 42
What is the word equation for magnesium and copper sulfate?
magnesium + copper(ii) sulfate -> magnesium sulfate + copper
3 of 42
What is the symbol equation for magnesium and copper sulfate?
Mg(s) + CuSO4(aq) --> MgSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
4 of 42
What does an ionic equation show?
Only the atoms and ions that change in the reaction
5 of 42
What is the ionic equation for magnesium and copper sulfate?
Mg(s) + Cu (aq) --> Mg (aq) +Cu(s)
6 of 42
What is oxidation?
The loss of electrons
7 of 42
What is reduction?
The gain of electrons
8 of 42
What is a metal ore?
A metal ore contains enough of the metal to make it economic to extract the metal
9 of 42
What is carbon more reactive than?
Zinc, iron, tin, lead, copper
10 of 42
How can carbon be used be used to extract metals from their ore?
By heating the metal oxide with carbon. The carbon removes the oxygen from the metal oxide to form carbon dioxide and the metal is formed as an element
11 of 42
What is the pattern for this reaction?
metal oxide + carbon --> metal + carbon dioxide
12 of 42
What is the removal of oxygen from a compound called?
Chemical reduction
13 of 42
How can metals that are more reactive than carbon be extracted from their ores?
By electrolysing the molten metal compound
14 of 42
What are the two main methods of obtaining copper metal from the ore?
1) Sulfuric acid to produce copper sulfate solution, before extracting the copper 2) Smelting where we heat copper ore very strongly in a furnace with air to produce crude copper metal
15 of 42
Give two examples of a copper ore
Chalcocite and Malachite
16 of 42
What charge to metal ions always have?
Positive charge
17 of 42
In electrolysis, what are the metal ions attracted to?
The negative electrode
18 of 42
What is the chemical name for the negative and positive electrode?
Negative = cathode Positive = anode
19 of 42
What is the ionic half equation for copper cathode?
Cu (aq) + 2e --> Cu(s)
20 of 42
What is the ionic half equation for copper anode?
Cu(s) --> Cu (aq) + 2e
21 of 42
What are two new ways of extracting copper from low-grade ores?
Bioleaching and phytomining
22 of 42
What happens in phytomining?
Plant absorb the copper ions as they grow and the plants are then burned and the metals can be extracted from the ash. The copper ions can be 'leached' from the ash by adding sulfuric acid. This makes a solution of copper sulfate
23 of 42
What happens in bioleaching?
Bacteria feed on metal ores. By a combination of biological and chemical processes, we get a solution of copper ions from waste copper ore. Once again, we use scrap iron and electrolysis to extract copper from the solution.
24 of 42
What are three properties of metals?
Good conductors of heat and electricity, high melting and boiling point and malleble
25 of 42
Why are metals good conductors of heat and electricity?
The delocalised electrons can readily flow through the giant metallic lattice. The electrical current and heat energy are transferred quickly through the metal by the free-moving electrons
26 of 42
Why do metals have high melting and boiling points?
The bonds between the metal ions and electrons are very strong so it holds them together
27 of 42
Why are metals malleble?
The layers of atoms in a pure metal are able to slide over each other easily without breaking the metal structure
28 of 42
What are alloys?
Mixtures of metals
29 of 42
What is a shape memory alloy?
Mixture of metals which responds to changes in temperature. When you heat them up, they return to their original shape automatically
30 of 42
What are the uses of shape memory alloys?
Hold broken bones in place, make braces pull teeth into the right position
31 of 42
What are the raw materials used in a blast furnace to extract iron?
Iron ore (called haematite), coke (carbon), air and limestone
32 of 42
Why is it called a blast furnace?
High temperatures are generated inside the furnace by blasts of hot air, containing oxygen, which reacts with the coke
33 of 42
Why does iron straight from the blast furnace have limited uses?
It contains about 96% iron and other impurities which makes the iron brittle, although very hard and can't be easily compressed
34 of 42
Why does pure iron not have many uses?
It is too soft
35 of 42
What are steels?
Alloys of iron
36 of 42
How can we change the properties of steels?
By carefully adding controlled amounts of other elements
37 of 42
How is low-carbon steel made?
By removing most carbon from cast iron
38 of 42
What are the properties of low-carbon steel?
Soft, easily shaped and unlikely to shatter on impact with a hard objct
39 of 42
What are the properties of high-carbon steel?
Very strong but brittle
40 of 42
How is stainless steel made?
By adding chromium and nickel
41 of 42
What are the properties of stainless steel?
Hard, strong and doesn't corrode
42 of 42

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What happens in a displacement reaction?

Back

A more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal from an aqueous solution of one of its salts

Card 3

Front

What is the word equation for magnesium and copper sulfate?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the symbol equation for magnesium and copper sulfate?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What does an ionic equation show?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Chemistry resources:

See all Chemistry resources »See all Structure and bonding resources »