Chemistry Flashcards

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  • Created by: Sara
  • Created on: 21-03-13 19:42
Delocalised Electrons
Shared between more than two atoms
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Addition Reaction
A reaction in which a reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make a saturated molecule
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Substitution Reaction
A reaction in which an atom or group of atoms is replaced with a different atom or group of atoms
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Electrophile
An atom, or group of atoms, that is attracted to an electron-rich centre, where it accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond
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Electrophilic Substitution
A type of substitution reaction in which an electrophile is attracted to an electron-rich centre or atom, where it accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond
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Reaction Mechanism
A series of steps that, together, make up the overall reaction
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Curly Arrow
Shows the movement of an electron pair in the breaking or formation of bonds
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Functional Group
The part of an organic molecule responsible for its chemical reactions
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Electronegativity
A measure of the attraction of a bonded atom for the pair of electrons in a covalent bond
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Redox Reaction
A reaction in which both reduction and oxidation takes place
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Reflux
The continual boiling and condensing of a reaction mixture to ensure that the reaction takes place without the contents of the flask boiling dry
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Nucleophile
An atom or group of atoms attracted to an electron deficient centre, where it donates a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond
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Esterification
The reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid to produce an ester and water
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Hydrolysis
A reaction with water or hydroxide ions that breaks a chemical compound into two compounds
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Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL)
Responsible for carrying cholesterol and triglycerides from the liver to the tissues
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High-density Lipoprotein (HDL)
Removes cholesterol from the arteries and transports it back to the liver for excretion or re-utilisation
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Peptide
A compound made of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
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Zwitterion
A dipolar ionic form of an amino acid that is formed by the donation of a hydrogen ion from the carboxyl group to the amino group
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Isoelectric Point
The pH value at which the amino acid exists as a Zwitterion
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Stereoisomers
Species with the same structural formula but with a different arrangement of atoms in the space
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Chiral Carbon
A carbon atom attached to four different atoms or groups of atoms
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Optical Isomers
Stereoisomers that are non-superimposible images of eachother
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Condensation Reaction
A reaction in which two small molecules react together to form a larger molecule, with the elimination of a small molecule, such as water
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Repeat Unit
The specific arrangement of atoms that occurs in the structure over and over again. Repeat units are included in brackets, with n on the outside
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Biodegradable Polymer
A polymer that breaks down completely into carbon dioxide and water
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Degradable Polymer
A polymer that breaks down into smaller fragments when exposed to heat, light or moisture
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Pharmacological Activity
The beneficial or adverse effects of a drug on living matter
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Phase
A physically distinctive form of a substance, e.g. solid, liquid and gaseous states of ordinary matter
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Mobile Phase
The phase that moves in chromatography
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Stationary phase
The phase that does not move in chromatography
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Adsorption
The process by which a solid holds molecules of a gas or liquid or solute as a thin film on the surface of a solid (or liquid)
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Chromatogram
A visible record showing the result of seperation of the components of a mixture by chromatography
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Rf
distance moved by component/distance moved by solvent front
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Retention Time (in gas chromatography)
The time for a component to pass from the column inlet to the detector
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Chemical Shift
A scale that compares the frequency of an NMR absorption with the frequency of the reference peak TMS=0
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

A reaction in which a reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make a saturated molecule

Back

Addition Reaction

Card 3

Front

A reaction in which an atom or group of atoms is replaced with a different atom or group of atoms

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

An atom, or group of atoms, that is attracted to an electron-rich centre, where it accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

A type of substitution reaction in which an electrophile is attracted to an electron-rich centre or atom, where it accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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