Chemistry 1a summary questions

Describe the process of ionic bonding

metal atoms give away electrons to form positive ions and non metal atoms gain these electrons to form negative ions. the electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged ions is the ionic bond

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What is covalent bonding?

it is the sharing of electrons between non-metal atoms

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What is the symbol equation showing thermal decomposition of limestone

CaCO3---> CaO+CO2

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What products are produced when limestone reacts with an acid?

a calcium salt, water and carbon dioxide

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What is calcium hydroxide used for?

it is used to neutralise acidic soil

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Name three building materials made from limestone

concrete, cement and mortar

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Name 2 impacts of quarrying

noise and dust pollution and destroying habitats

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What's the definition of an ore?

A rock which contains enough metal in to make it financially worth extracting it

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Explain why zinc can be extracted by reduction with carbon but magnesium can't

Zinc is below carbon in the reactivity series, therefore when it is reacted with it, the carbon will displace zinc from its compound- extracting it. However magnesium is more reactive than carbon so won't be displaced

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Why is aluminium and expensive metal?

Because it is an energy intensive process to extract aluminium from its ore by electrolysis

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Describe the process of purifying copper by electrolysis

Electrons are pulled off the copper anode, causing Cu2+ ions to go into solution. These ions then gain electrons from the cathode and turn back into Cu atoms. The pure copper atoms are then bonded to the cathode which is a thin sheet of pure copper.

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Describe how scrap iron is used to displace copper from solution

When iron is placed into a solution of copper sulfate, the more reactive iron will displace the less reactive copper from the solution to end up with pure copper.

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What is the method used where plants extract metals from soil?

Phytomining

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Give three reasons why it is good to recycle metals

1. it uses less energy to recycle then to extract new metal, 2. it conserves the metal supplies 3. it conserves fossil fuel resources as we save energy

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Give some properties of metals

they are good conductors of electricity and heat, they are malleable and ductile but also strong

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Describe two problems of metals

Some metals can corrode in air so they lose their strength and hardness. Over time metals can get fatigued from repeated stresses and strains. This can lead to the metal breaking

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What is the problem with using iron straight from a blast furnace and also pure iron?

iron straight from a blast furnace is very brittle and so doesn't have many uses. Pure iron is too soft and too bendy for most uses.

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Give two examples of alloys and what they're made of

Steel- iron and carbon. Bronze- copper and tin

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What does crude oil consist of and what does fractional distillation do to it?

Crude oil is a mixture of mostly hydrocarbons. Fractional distillation separates out the different hydrocarbon compounds in the mixture by vaporising it and condensing off at different points

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Whats the general formula for an alkane?

CnH2n+2

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Is a short chain hydrocarbon more or less viscous than a long chain hydrocarbon? Which is the most volatile?

Short chain HC's are less viscous but more volatile than long chain HC's

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Name three pollutants released into the atmosphere when fuels are burned and what enviro impacts do these have

CO2- global warming, SO2 and Nitrogen oxides- acid rain

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List three ways of reducing acid rain

1. removing sulphur from the fuel before it is burnt. 2. acid gas scrubbers at power stations remove harmful gases before they're released into the atmosphere. 3.cut down on usage of fossil fuels.

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How has the theory of global dimming been proven?

Studies show that less sunlight is reaching the earth compared to before.

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What are three alternate ways of powering cars? what are the pros and cons of these

1. Using ethanol- carbon neutral but engines need to be converted. 2. Using biodiesel- carbon neutral but expensive to make and could increase food prices. 3. Using Hydrogen- clean burning but explosive and hard to store

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Chemistry 1a summary questions

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