Chemical level
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- Created by: Ciara Simpson
- Created on: 06-06-19 23:09
Positive feedback system
Reinforces a change until blocked e.g labour
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Negative feedback system
Reverses change in condition e.g blood pressure
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Homeostasis maintained by
Core temperature, water and electrolyte balance, blood glucose levels, blood and tissue oxygen and CO2 levels, blood pressure
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Feedback systems..
Disruption (stimulus), receptors detect change sending message to control centre eg brain sends onto effector, producing a response
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Excretionary systems?
Digestive system (indigestible food waste), urinary system (nitrogen filled wastes), respiratory system (exhales CO2)
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Digestion is..
The breaking down of food into simple molecules so it can be absorbed by the blood (e.g nutrients to cells by the CV system)
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Metabolism is regulated by..
Hormones (endocrine system)
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Catabolism breaks down molecules into..
Simple building blocks
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Anabolism synthesises
Complex molecules from simple ones
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What does ATP do?
Powers cellular activity
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Reproduction forms new cells eg..
Tissue growth, tissue repair/replacement, new individual
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Growth is the increase of size of the body due to..
Increase of cells, or size of cells leading to increase of materials eg bone
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Differentiation is..
Unspecialised cell to specialised cell
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Endocytosis is..
Movement of substance into a cell in vesicles
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Exocytosis is..
Movement of substance out of a cell in vesicles that fuse with membrane and release their contents
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Active transport..
Substances can cross the membrane moving up concentration gradient. ATP is needed
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Cytoplasm is made up of..
Cytosol and organelles
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Cytosol is the site for..
Chemical reactions
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What does cillium do and what is it made up of?
Moves extracellular fluids, contains 20 microtubules and a basal body
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Lysosomes contain? and do?
Digestive enzymes that digest foreign bodies, microbes and dead organelles
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Flagella are..
Surface projections that move the cell itself
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Ribosomes contain and do?
Contain RNA and protein, they are either free or attached to rough ER and are for protein synthesis
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Perioxisome function?
Deactivates toxic materials eg alcohol (oxidises substances and decomposes hydrogen peroxide)
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What does a vesicle do?
Imports materials from intracellular to extracellular
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Cytoskeleton is responsible for?
Cellular movement. Maintains shape and organisation
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Cytoskeleton is made up of?
X3 protein filaments; microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules
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Mitochondria are responsible for?
Aerobic respiration (ATP synthesis)
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Rough ER attaches to..
Nuclear envelope and has ribosomes
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Smooth ER..
Has no ribosomes
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The nucleus is surrounded by
Lipid bilayer (inner, outer is continuous with rough ER)
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Golgi complex is made of..
Flatterned sacs called cysternae (entry face, medial cisternae and exit face) for lipid and protein synthesis
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Negative feedback system
Back
Reverses change in condition e.g blood pressure
Card 3
Front
Homeostasis maintained by
Back
Card 4
Front
Feedback systems..
Back
Card 5
Front
Excretionary systems?
Back
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