Chapter 4-conflict over Germany

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  • Created by: coco267
  • Created on: 04-06-19 13:54
What were the main concerns for the USSR in Germany?
-The soviets hoped their zone would form the nucleus of a whole-Germany communist movement. -They feared that German recovery would weaken Soviet influence and inhibit the succes of communism.
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What actions did the USSR take in Germany?
The Soviet Military Administration was resonsible for; -Merging the Communists and Social Democrats into the German Socialist Party to increase communsit influence. -Land reform. -Nationalisation of industry. -Imposing Russian lamguage in schools.
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What were the US' main concerns in Germany?
-The USA wanted to strengthen the economy and democracy within its own zone, to stop threats from the USSR. -Committed to joint occupation. -By early 1947, the USA wanted to interfere in the direction of Germany as a whole and stop the USSR.
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What actions did the USA take in Germany?
-The USA organised free elections in its zone. -In 1947, the USA merged its zone with Britain's, despite Soviet objections.
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What were Britiain's main concerns in Germany?
-Ruhr Valley which was the industrial heart of Germany and key to Germany's economic recovery was in the heart of Britian. -Britain were concered with USSR and French influence in the area. -Britian struggled to sustain and feed the region=communism.
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What actions did Britain take in Germany?
-The prioritisation of economic recovery, for which Britain relied on the USA's help, led to the merger of the British and American zones in 1947.
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What were France's main concerns in Germany?
-The French sought the internationlisation of the Ruhr Valley, hoping to dominate the region. -They called for the permanent divisons of Germany into small independent states, to ensure French security.
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What actions did France take in Germany?
-France supported the creation of two seperate Germany states, with the Western state closely allied to and influenced by Western powers.
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Why was the US and British's zones economic recovery complicated?
It was complicated by the influx of refugees displaced from Poland and Czechoslovakia and the conflicts of the amount of reparations the USSR would recieve.
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What was agreed about the reperations?
All four powers agreed that the Soviets would recive reparations from all of Germany. However, Britain, USA and France were increasingly unwilling to continue with reparations as having difficulties in own areas.
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How was economic recovery stopped by the USSR?
The USSR were removing factories and other industrial operations and were moving them to the USSR to help their own economic recovery.
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What happened in May 1946?
-USA stopped reparations to the USSR until an overall economic plan was agreed. -Soviets saw this as an economy based on Western capitalism. -All four powers agreed for economy reform for Germany.
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What happened in January 1947?
-The American and British zones were merged economically to become Bizonia. -Shows failure of four-power occupation.
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What happened between March-December 1947?
-Soviets opposed creation of Bizonia, demanidng the establishment of a unified administration for all Germany. West feared centralised administration would lead to communism. -Relations broke down.
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What happened in June 1948?
-Britiain, France and USA agreed that West Germany should have a formal constitution and its own currency. Deutsche Mark introduced.
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What did Stalin see the introducution of the Deutsche Mark as?
The Western powers trying to wreck the East German economy.
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How did Stalin responsed to the currency reform?
He closed off all access to West Berlin by blocking all road and rail links.
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What were Stalin's aims with the blockade?
To turn Berlin into a single city with Soviet control as he knew Western powers would not use force to stop the blockade.
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What did Britain's Foregin Secretary, Ernest Bevin, argue about the blockade?
-The Soviet's ultimate aim was spread communism across thr whole of Germany. -It was important to maintain a Western presence in Berlin and to keep West Berlin supplied wit essentials, to prevent surreding to Soviet control. -Military force=no.
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How was West Berlin supplied and why this way?
Planes dispatched supplies in West Berlin. Planes were used as Stalin could not shoot these down as this was force.
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How long did the blockade last for?
June 1948-May 1949
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Who became the first chancellor of West Germany in May 1949?
Konrad Adenauer
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What was the situation like in West Germany?
West Germany was to be autonomous regarding its internal affairs but the three powers still had fianl decision-making authority on its foregin policy snd secuirty.
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How did the USSR responed to West Germany?
They created East Germany, which was a one-party, SED-led state in October 1949 that was completely loyal to the USSR.
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What Western policy was revived after the blockade?
Collective security
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What was established in 1948?
Western European Union
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What was an aim of WEU?
It was aimed to prevent any form of German resurgence that might threaten the secuirty of post-war Western Europe.
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What was the problem with the WEU?
It lacked funding and military strength
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When was NATO formed?
April 1949
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What does NATO stand for?
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
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Who joined NATO?
10 European states, Canada and USA>
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What did this alliance mean for the USA?
-A way to help strength Europe against Soviet aggression. -Gave USA a complement to containment.
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Card 2

Front

What actions did the USSR take in Germany?

Back

The Soviet Military Administration was resonsible for; -Merging the Communists and Social Democrats into the German Socialist Party to increase communsit influence. -Land reform. -Nationalisation of industry. -Imposing Russian lamguage in schools.

Card 3

Front

What were the US' main concerns in Germany?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What actions did the USA take in Germany?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What were Britiain's main concerns in Germany?

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