Challenging religious changes 1533-37

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  • Created by: Annagc
  • Created on: 11-04-19 09:44
What was the King's Greater Matter?
Securing the annulment of Henry VIII's marriage to Catherine of Aragon
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When was the break with Rome?
1534
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The Act of Supremacy 1534?
Henry VIII became head of the church of England
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What was the Conservatives view of religious change?
They wished to keep the church Catholic
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Who were the leading Conservatives?
Bishop Stephen Gardiner, Thomas Howard (Norfolk)
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What was the Reformers view of religious change?
Wanted to move the church in a Protestant direction
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Who were the leading Reformers?
Cranmer and Cromwell
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What was the Valor Ecclesiasticus?
A survey by Cromwell to detrmine the net worth and annual income of the monastries
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What were the main causes for the dissolution of the monastries?
The Crown needed an additional source of permanent income, they were as easy target because there were now fewer than 10,000 monks, friars and nuns
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What was the Comperta Monastica?
A record of the condition and conduct of the inmates of the monastries, it selectively recorded some bad behaviour
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The Act of Dissolution of the smaller monastries 1536
All religious houses with an annual income of less than £200 would be dissolved and the property passed to the crown, the heads of the houses would be granted a pension and the other members could transfer to a bigger house or ceasing to be religious
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Why did the monastries offer little opposition to the dissolution?
In 1535 the monks and nuns had sworn an oath to accept Henry as the supreme head of the church
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What was the causes of the Lincolshire Rising 1536?
Rumors that the King would close down the local church in Louth as well as the monastry, substantial amounts had been invested into the enlargement and repair of the church
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What happened when the riot spread to Horncastle?
The bishop of Lincoln's chancellor and one of Cromwell's agents was murdered by an angry mob
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How was the Lincolnshire rising put down?
Henry sent an army under the Duke of Suffolk, the people didn't have an effective leader so dispersed and returned home
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What was the cause of the Pilgrimage of Grace?
Rumors of wholesale monastic closures
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Who was the leader of the Pilgrimage of Grace ?
Robert Aske, a lawyer
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How did Aske chage the demands of the Lincolnshire rising?
Placed more emphasis on preserving the church and defending the monastries
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Which members of the gentry and nobility joined the Pilgrimage of Grace?
Sir Thomas Percy, Lord Hussey, Lord Darcy
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How many rebels joined the Pilgrimage of Grace?
30,000
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What was the King's response to the P of G?
He didn't initially appreciate the seriousness and sent an army under Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk a month later
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How did Norfolk respond to the rebels?
He arranged a truce and allowed the rebels to submit their complaints (Pontefract Articles)
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How did Henry respond to the articles?
He issues a general pardon whilst he considered them
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How did Aske become leader of the rebellion?
Whilst travelling to London for work he was captured and persuaded to join rebels, they then joined the main rebels
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What happened when Aske took over Pontefract Castle?
Darcy and some of the gentry were persuaded to join and helped Aske draw up the Pontefract articles
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What did the Pontecraft articles ask for?
Legitimisation of Princess Mary, Cromwell and other 'evil councillors' to be dismissed, a meeting of Parl. in York, end to the dissolution, restoration of links to the Pope
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How did the Pilgrimage of Grace end?
A royal army of 4000 was sent under Norfolk, articles were presented to him, he issued a pardon and promised a Parl. in York, Aske accepted offer to go to Court over Christmas, meanwhile Bigod began a rising, Aske was blamed and hanged
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Why was Sir Francis Bigod an unlikely rebel?
He had been one of Cromwell's agents in the north and helped compile the Royal Supremacy
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Why did Bigod lead a rebellion?
He wanted monastries reformed not dissolved, he distrusted the king and was doubtful Aske would be successful
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What was the result of Bigod's rising?
His men were defeated and he was captured when he was tried and hanged in 1537
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How did Henry VIII deal with the rebels?
He decieved Aske by conceding to their demands for manstic land to be restored, removal of Cromwell, Parliament to be called, a pardon to rebels who dispersed
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How did Thomas Cromwell help the suppression?
He was vicergent so had a powerful influence, he advised Henry to prolong negotiations to raise a larger army, pretedn to be sympathetic to rebels so Aske would disperse forces
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How did the Duke of Norfolk help the suppression?
He was a conservative but was careful not to oppose the King's religous changes, unable to crush the rebels with military force, he decieved Aske successfully
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Why did the Pilgrimage of Grace fail?
Naivety of the rebels - trust the king's promises and Loyalty to the King - accepted the Great Chain of Being, only wished to remove evil councillors
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What was the main mistake of Aske?
Disbanding the pilgrimage in return for a promise
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What was the main mistake of the pilgrims?
Failure to make use of their advantage
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Evidence that the rebellion was a complete failure?
No demands were met - no parliament in north, religous changed accelerated, dissolution continued, Cromwell was not dismissed, Cromwell wasn't dismissed
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Why did the rebellion threatening law and order mean it was doomed to failure?
No king could allow a rebellion to go unpunished as it would set a dangerous precedent no matter how loyal they were to the king
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How did Henry deter others from rebelling
He dealt ruthlessly with the ringleaders, Aske, Bigod
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How did Norfolk display the Crown's power in the north?
Deployed military force and invoking martial law
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How many insurgents were executed in Lincolnshire?
34
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How many rebels died under Marshall law in the north?
74
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Card 2

Front

When was the break with Rome?

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1534

Card 3

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The Act of Supremacy 1534?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What was the Conservatives view of religious change?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Who were the leading Conservatives?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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