Henry VIII after 1529

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  • Created by: 15mkooner
  • Created on: 19-05-21 12:28
What were Henry's motives for the Break with Rome?
- Henry wanted a male heir
- popular anti-clericalism
- the influence of Cromwell
- furthering wealth and power
- conscience
- influence of the Boleyn faction
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What act was passed in February 1533?
Act in Restraint of Appeals - prevents appeals to the Pope on religious matters
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What act was passed in February 1534?
- Act in Restraint of Annates - stopped payments to Rome
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Which Acts were passed in March 1534?
- Act of the Submission of the Clergy
- Act of Succession
- Dispensations Act
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What Act was passed in November 1534?
Act of Supremacy - Gave Henry ultimate control of the Church
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Which Acts were passed in December 1534?
-At for first fruits and tenths - clergy had to pass some money on to the king
- Treason Act - made it criminal to criticise the changes, marriage or succession
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When was the Pilgrimage of Grace?
1536-37
- Perpetrated by Richard Aske, Sir Francis Bigod and Lord Darcy
- 40,000 rebels took part - outnumbered the king's forces 5:1
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What were the aims of the PoG?
- - Bigod revolt of January 1537 failed in Cumberland, he was arrested
- Aske, Darcy and 148 others were executed
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Was PoG a threat to Henry's government?
- YES because it was supported by the nobles, it was well-organised and it shows Henry's laws were unpopular
- NO because it didn't want to overthrow Henry and there was no foreign involvement. It just wanted to question his decisions.
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What happened in 1535?
Valor Ecclesiasticus - census of the Chruch's wealth
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What were the financial benefits of the Dissolution of the Monasteries?
- many large monasteries had an income of over £10,000
- crown income doubled
- resale of monastic land made £1.3 million
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How many monasteries did Wolsey dissolve in the 1520s?
29
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Which Acts were passed in 1536?
- Act of the Dissolution of Smaller monasteries
- Act of 10 articles (rejected 4/7 Catholic sacraments)
- Royal injunctions - attacked Catholic practise of pilgrimage
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What Acts were passed in 1537?
- Bishop's book
- Matthew's Bible (Protestant bible with Tyndale's New Testament)
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What Acts were passed in 1538?
- Royal Injunctions - English bible had to be present in all parishes
- Also John Lambert, executed for rejecting Transubstantiation
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What happened in 1539?
- publication of the 'Great' bible
- Dissolution of the greater monasteries
- Act of 6 articles - confirmed transubstantiation and forbade taking communion.
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What 5 ways did people oppose the reformation?
1) Open challenge
2) Private opposition
3) Remaining loyal to Catholicism
4) Refusal to act until forced to do so
5) Opposition from the inside
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How did Thomas More oppose Henry?
- refused to acknowledge Henry as the Supreme Head of the Church of England
- Contested Annulment
- refused to take an oath of supremacy
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How did Bishop Fisher oppose Henry?
- refused to acknowledge Henry as the supreme head of the Church of England
- upheld Papal supremacy
- Catherine of Aragon's chief supporter
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What did Elizabeth Barton do?
- Nun of Kent - prophesied Henry's imminent death if he remarried after the divorce
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What were the prominent factions?
- Up to 1536 - Aragonese (Catholics) and Boleyn (Protestants)
- After Anne's death in 1536 = Conservatives and Reformers
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What were the 4 causes of Cromwell's fall?
1) Religion
2) Foreign Policy
3) Faction
4) Marriage failures e.g: Cleves
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Which key individuals were part of the Conservative faction?
1) Thomas howard - Duke of Norfolk
2) Bishop Stephen Gardiner
3) Henry Howard - early of surrey
4) Thomas Wriothesley
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Which key individuals were part of the Reformist faction?
1) Thomas Cromwell
2) Thomas Cranmer -Archbishop of Canterbury
3) Sir Anthony Denny and William Paget
4) Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford and Duke of somerset
5) John Dudley
6) Catherine Parr
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What 2 key events happened in 1540?
- Cromwell executed
- Henry married Catherine Howard
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What were Cromwell's crimes?
- Releasing men accused or convicted of treason
- misusing and expropriating funds
- taking bribes
- making appointments without royal approval
- being a 'detestable heretic' and speaking treasonable words
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What did Cromwell do to revolutionise Government?
- reorganised financial departments
- created privy Council n 1536
- created a sovereign law-making parliament
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What were Henry's 4 foreign policy aims in his final years?
1) military glory
2) trade
3) Diplomacy
4) Securing his dynasty
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Why did Henry go to war with Scotland in the 1540s?
- James didn't attend a meeting arranged in 1541
- Auld Alliance with France
- Scotland had sheltered rebels from the PoG
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What happened during the Scottish war in the 1540s?
- Scottish army defeated at Battle of Solway Moss
- King James V died - Mary Queen of Scots became infant queen
- Proposed marriage between Mary (Queen of Scots) and Edward
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What were the causes of the First French war in 1543?
- wanted military glory so that Henry could seize the French throne
- joined with HRE Charles V to invade with a strong army of 40,000
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What treaty was made in 1546?
Treaty of Camp - made peace with France
- In total, Henry spent £3.5 million in total on war with France
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How much did the 3rd French War cost?
£2 million from the dissolution
Henry was then forced to implement the debasement of the coinage
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What were the consequences of the debasement?
- melting down the coinage to extract gold
- made £1million in the 1540s but intensified debasement
- Edward inherited a financial crisis
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What evidence was there that England was Protestant by 1547?
- dissolution
- English bible circulated
- number of holy days reduced
- 20% of Londoners were protestant
- Cromwell's influence
- Protestants controlled dry stamp
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What evidence was there that England was Catholic by 1547?
- transubstantiation defended
- clergy banned from marrying
- some catholic doctrines restored
- Bishop's book acknowledged all 7 sacraments
- John Lambert's execution
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Act in Restraint of Appeals - prevents appeals to the Pope on religious matters

Card 3

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Card 4

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Which Acts were passed in March 1534?

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Card 5

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What Act was passed in November 1534?

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