One that releases energy to the surroundings, there's a temperature rise and △H is negative.
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Endothermic reaction
One that takes in energy from the surroundings, there is a temperature drop and △H is positive.
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Enthalpy, H
The heat content of a system at constant pressure.
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Enthalpy change, △H
The heat added to a system at a constant pressure.
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The principle of conservation of energy
States that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed from one form to another.
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Standard enthalpy change of formation, △fH
The enthalpy change when one mole of a substance is formed from its constituent elements in their standard states under standard conditions.
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Standard enthalpy change of combustion, △cH
The enthalpy change when one mole of a substance is completely combusted in oxygen under standard conditions.
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Hess's Law
States that the total enthalpy change for a reaction is independent of the route taken from the reactants to the products.
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Bond enthalpy
The enthalpy required to break a covalent X-Y bond into X atoms and Y atoms, all in the gas phase.
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Average bond enthalpy
The average value of the enthalpy required to break a given type of covalent bond in the molecules of a gaseous species.
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The rate of reaction
The change in a concentration of a reactant of product per unit time.
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Activation energy
The minimum energy required to start a reaction by breaking bonds.
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Catalyst
A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up in the process. It increases the rate of reaction by providing an alternative route of lower activation energy.
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A homogenous catalyst
In the same phase as the reactants
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A heterogenous catalyst
In a different phase from the reactants
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Endothermic reaction
Back
One that takes in energy from the surroundings, there is a temperature drop and △H is positive.
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