Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions occurring in a biological system at a given time.
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Define Energy
Energy is the capacity to do work, or
the capacity for change.
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Define Potential Energy
Potential Energy is energy stored in chemical bonds, concentration gradients, charge imbalance.
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Kinetic Energy
Kinetic Energy is the energy of movement.
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Define Anabolic Reactions.
Anabolic reactions are reactions where complex molecules are made from simple molecules using energy.
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Define Catabolic Reactions.
Catabolic reactions are reactions where complex molecules are broken down to simpler ones where energy is released.
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Define Chemical Equilibrium
Chemical equilibrium is the state when the forward reactions occur at the same rate as the backward reactions.
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Standard free energy change.
Free energy is the usable energy that can do work.
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Define the transition state.
Transition state is a reactive mode in which reactants are put in on by activation energy.
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Define the transition state intermediate.
The transition state intermediate occurs when activation energy changes the reactants into unstable forms with higher free energy.
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Describe an enzyme-substrate complex.
An enzyme-substrate complex occurs when an enzyme combines with a substrate which is held together by hydrogen bonds, electrical attraction, or covalent bonds.
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Describe the induced fit hypothesis.
Induced fit hypothesis states that when an substrate binds to an enzyme it changes the shape of the enzyme.
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Describe the function of ribozymes.
Ribozymes are RNA molecules that act as biological catalysts.
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Describe the function of competitive inhibitors.
Competitive inhibitors compete with the natural substrate for binding sites.
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Describe the function of non-competitive inhibitors.
Non-competitive inhibitors bind to enzyme at a different site which changes the shape of the active site.
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How does allosteric regulation arise.
Allosteric regulation results from the binding of regulator molecules to sites on an enzyme other than the active site
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Define Energy
Back
Energy is the capacity to do work, or
the capacity for change.
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