How are Palisade Cells within leaves well adapted for Photosynthesis?
Long an Cylindrical, Large Vacuole, Many Chloroplasts, Contain Cytoskeleton threads and Motor proteins
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Why is Being Long and Cylindrical a necessary adaptation?
Can pack quite closely with little space between them for air circulation
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What does Carbon Dioxide in the Air spaces do?
Diffuses into cells
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Why is Larger Vacuoles a necessary adaptation?
Chloroplasts are positioned nearer to the periphery of cell which reduces the diffusion distance for carbon dioxide
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Why is Many Chloroplasts a necessary adaptation?
Higher rate of photosynthesis
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What do the Cytoskeleton threads and motor proteins do?
They move chloroplasts, nearer to upper surface of leaf when sunlight intensity is low but further down when it's high
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What are Guard Cells?
Specialised Cells controlling the Opening and Closing of Stomata
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Where are Guard cells found?
Within the lower epidermis and don't contain chloroplasts
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How do Guard cells open stomata?
ATP used to actively transport Potassium ions from surrounding epidermal cells into the guard cells , lowering the water potential which causes water to enter guard cells by osmosis from neighbouring epidermal cells
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What effect does water entering the guard cells have?
Guard cells swell, Tips bulge and the gap between them the stoma enlarges
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What are the tips of the cell wall like?
More flexible and more rigid where it's thicker
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What happens as the Stomata open?
Air enters the spaces within the layer of cells beneath the palisade cells
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What occurs when Air enters these spaces?
Gaseous exchange can occur and carbon dioxide will diffuse into the palisade cells
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What maintains a steep concentration gradient?
The use of Carbon dioxide
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What happens to the oxygen produced during Photosynthesis?
It diffuses out of the palisade cells into the air spaces and out through the open stomata
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What also occurs when stomata are open?
Transpiration
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What are Root hair cells?
Epidermal Cells on the outer layer of young plant roots
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What are the Benefits of Root Hair cells?
They greatly increase surface area for absorption of water and mineral ions such as nitrates from soils
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How are mineral ions transported into the Root hair cells?
They're actively transported
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What effects do the mineral ions have in the root hair cells?
They lower water potential within them and causing water to follow by osmosis down the water-potential gradient
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What allows the Root hair cells to actively transport mineral ions in?
Special carrier proteins in the plasma membranes
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What do Root Hair cells produce that's needed for Active Transport?
ATP
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How are Palisade Cells within leaves well adapted for Photosynthesis?
Back
Long an Cylindrical, Large Vacuole, Many Chloroplasts, Contain Cytoskeleton threads and Motor proteins
Card 3
Front
Why is Being Long and Cylindrical a necessary adaptation?
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