Causation

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E L S P X X E H I I N N K S B Y R
L L I W K K G F G P S K I S I S O
R T N K U Q S D T C G X M J N O T
V P E S T O B A T V C K S P T U W
H E Q Y N F E L E I N E E W E N W
N F U R T A E L G C V X Y G R E H
B O A W E G I O A E R C D N V F N
C R N H N E F W P J F N R B E X C
G E O I L T I A B H J B A U N H E
K S N T A D M Y O P J F W B I F E
E E K E M Y P T A H X A Y C N L K
O E N C I T M H S M H C A X G E H
B A H H N A J A V H B T H I U D C
G B M E I H S M D Y A U R H G L P
N L V I M E E P K M A A G Y Q Q T
M E N Q V K V K U O N L C Y F K D
G G X O H J D M N L Q T F U N T U

Clues

  • Causation can only be established if both _____ and legal causation are established (7)
  • Latin terminology for the but for test (4, 3, 3)
  • Novus Actus Interveniens in English is a new _________ act (11)
  • R v ____ (1910) 2 KB 124 created the but for test (5)
  • R v ______ (1983) 76 Cr App R - D's conduct must contribute significantly to the result. It need not be the sole cause or even the main cause (6)
  • R v ______ [1996] Crim LR 35 - act or omission must be "something more than a slight or trifling link" (6)
  • R v _______ (1847) Cox 273 made it clear that the result must be caused by a culpable act (8)
  • R v Cato [1976] 1 WLR 110 made it clear in relation to the de minimis rule that there must be a more than _______ cause (7)
  • R v Roberts [1971] 56 Cr App R 95 - If the victim responds in a way that a reasonable person could not have predicted, the resulting consequences will not be regarded as reasonably _________ and will be regarded as an independent intervening act. (11)
  • The thin skull principle includes physical weakness as defined in R v ______ (1908) 21 Cox CC 692 (7)

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