Which three disaccharides are important energy transport molecules and what are their sources?
Maltose – product of starch digestion
Lactose – milk sugar
Sucrose – Plant sugar
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What are two important energy storage molecules and what are their characteristics?
Starch and glycogen. Both polysaccharides of D glucose linked by a1-4 and a1-6 glycosidic bonds
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What is the reducing end of a sugar
A terminal sugar where C1 is unattached so the ring can open and an aldehyde is formed
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What is the non-reducing end of a sugar
C1 is in a glycosidic bond therefore the sugar ring cannot open
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Why are alpha glucans good storage molecules
The alpha linkage causes the polysaccharide to twist into a helical structure and it becomes more compact. Enzymes can quickly access and degrade the molecules
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Why are glycogen and starch good for storage
Many branches with non-reducing ends meaning that enzymes can attack in multiple sites
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What are the bonds like in cellulose?
Beta 1 – 4 glycosidic bonds which are planar allowing for the chains to pack together making it hard for enzymes to degrade
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Why is cellulose being investigated as a useful fuel source
Alternative to fossil fules and uses non food crops
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What is a glycoconjugate?
Carbohydrates linked to protein and lipids
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Function of glycolipids?
Lipid can sit in the cell membrane but the hydrophillic sugar acts as receptors for cell recognition
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What is mucin?
An o linked glycoprotein which is a component of mucus which provides proctection and lubrication
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What is the function of N linked protein glycosylation?
Protein folding, stability
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What are proteoglycans and what is their function?
O linked proteins (GAGs) with amino sugars and uronic acid which lubricate joints, stimulate cell proliferation and help with adhesion
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What is the role of Glycosyltransferases?
Glycosyltransferases (GTs) transfer sugars from nucleotides onto other molecules and assist with determining blood groups.
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How do (GTs) determine blood group?
Two types of GT – type A + B
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What role do N-glycans have in Sars-cov-2?
Act as a shield against antibody binding
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What are two important energy storage molecules and what are their characteristics?
Back
Starch and glycogen. Both polysaccharides of D glucose linked by a1-4 and a1-6 glycosidic bonds
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