C4

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Dobreiner' Triads
Döbereiner arranged elements in groups of three. The elements in each triad had similar chemical properties and the relative atomic mass of the middle element was close to the average of the other elements. Ignored it doesn't work for all elements.
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Newlands' Octaves
He arranged the known elements in order of RAM and found similar properties amongst every eighth element in the series. Rejected:Didn’t work for all elements. Not all elements were discovered, caused problems.
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Mendeleev's Periodic Table
He put the known elements in order of RAM. Mendeleev realised that some elements had yet to be discovered, so left gaps to accommodate their eventual discovery. He also predicted what the properties of these undiscovered elements might be. Successful
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Alkali Metals Order
As we go down group, metals: become more recative, melting and boling points decrease, have a higher density.
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Properties of Alkali Metals
They all have one outer shell; making them very reactive. They are shiny when freshly cut, but quickly react with oxygen in air and tarnish. Also react vigorously with water. Have lower densities compared to other metals. They are very soft.
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Alkali Metal Reactions
When reacted with cold waiter, it produces hydrogen gas. They fizz around the surface. Reaction makes alkaline solution. Hydroxide metal foms. Reacts with chlorine, making crystalline salts. The more violent the reaction, more reactive alkali metal
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Halogen Metals Order
As you go down group 7, halogens: Become less reactive because other electrons are further from nucleus, densities increase, have a higher melting point and have a higher boling point.
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Halogen Colours
Halogens are all non-metals with coloured vapours. At room temperature; Fluroine is a yellow gas, chlorine is a dense green gas, bromine is a orange liquid and iodine is a dark grey solid.
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Properties of Halogens
Fluorine; Very reactive and poisonous. Chlorine: Fairly reactive and poisonous. Bromine: dense and poisonous. Iodine: Crystalline solid.
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Halogen Reactions
Halogens react with alkaline metals to form salts called metal halides. They react with iron to form coloured solids called iron halides. Displacement reactions; more reactive halogens dispalce less reactive one from a compound.
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Dangers of Alkaline Metals
Group 1 mtals are reactive and can combust spontaneously. They're stored under oil to prevent contact with water vapour, which would cause violent reaction. Alkali metals shouldn't be touched with bare hands. Can be corrosive and can cause blistering
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Dangers of Halogens
Chlorine and iodine are very toxic. Fluorine is most reactive halogen - to dangerosu to use in a lab. Liquid bromine is corrosive. Have poisonous vapours
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Ionic Compounds
Form a reguar lattice. Solid ionic coumpounds like sodium chlroide are made up of a giant lattice of ions. When they becoem molten or dissolved in water, they can conduct electricity because ions are able to move.
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Line Spectrums
Lithium produces a red flame. Sodium produces a yellow/orange flame. Potassium produces a lilac flame.
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Spectroscopy
When heated, they release energy as light. Different elements emit different wavelengths of light, because each element has different electron arrangement. Each element has a different pattern of wavelengths, and different line spectrum
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Electricty Conduction
Solids: strong force of attraction between ions, which take a lot of energy to break, so have high melting and boiling points. When compound is molten or dissolved, the forces of attraction are weakened so much that the charged ions are free to move
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Newlands' Octaves

Back

He arranged the known elements in order of RAM and found similar properties amongst every eighth element in the series. Rejected:Didn’t work for all elements. Not all elements were discovered, caused problems.

Card 3

Front

Mendeleev's Periodic Table

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Alkali Metals Order

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Properties of Alkali Metals

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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