C2

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What is an isotope?
A different atomic form of the same element, same no. of protons, different no. of neutrons.
1 of 20
Ionic bonding occurs between which types of elements?
Metals and non-metals.
2 of 20
Non metals ______ electrons and become _____
Gain, -ions
3 of 20
Metals ______ electrons and become ____
Lose, +ions
4 of 20
What structure do they have? Describe it...
Giant Ionic Lattice; regular lattice arrangement with very strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions in all directions, holding it together.
5 of 20
Give 2 properties of ionic compounds
1: high m.p. and b.p. due to the strong forces of attraction being difficult to overcome. 2: When molten/dissolved, the ions are free to move and will carry an electric current.
6 of 20
What structure do ions have?
The structure of a noble gas/have a full outer shell
7 of 20
The overall charge of a compound must = ___
0
8 of 20
Ionic bonding occurs between which type of element?
Non-metals
9 of 20
What are the two possible structures of a covalent compound?
Simple molecular substances and giant covalent structures
10 of 20
Give 3 properties of simple molecular substances.
Very strong covalent bonds to form small molecules of several atoms/Attraction between molecules is weak/Therefore low m.p. and b.p./no ions so no ability to carry current/most are gases or liquids at room temp
11 of 20
Give 3 properties of giant covalent structures.
Also called macromolecules/Similar to ionic lattice structure/No charged ions present/all bonded by strong covalent bonds/all (except graphite) won'd conduct electricity
12 of 20
Give 3 properties of diamond (GCSs)
Made from carbon/ each C atom makes 4 covalent bonds/ Hardest natural substance/ often used for drill tips
13 of 20
Give 3 properties of graphite (GCSs)
Made from carbon/ each C atom only makes 3 covalent bonds/ in layers/ soft and slippery due to weak intermolecular forces/ layers slip off eg. pencils rub off on paper/ each C atom has a delocalised electron so can conduct heat and electricity.
14 of 20
Give 2 properties of silica (GCSs)
Each grain is a giant structure of oxygen and silicon/ what sand is made from
15 of 20
Describe metallic structures
Giant structure/metallic bonds leave delocalised (free) electrons from the outer shell of every atom/conduct heat and electricity/strong force of electrostatic attraction between metal +ions and free -e's/layers slide- malleable
16 of 20
What is an alloy?
2 or more metals mixed together to make them harder (disrupts arrangement so layers won't slide easily)
17 of 20
What are smart materials? Give an example.
Behave differently depending on conditions, eg. Nitinol- a memory alloy that can be twisted like rubber when cool. Stays bent if twisted too far, once heated to a certain temp it goes back to remembered shape. Uses- glasses frames, braces etc.
18 of 20
What are nanoparticles? Give an example.
1-100 nms across, contain a few hundred atoms. eg. Fullerenes- molecules of carbon shaped like hollow balls/closed tubes/C atoms arranged in hexagonal rings/can be joined to form nanotubes with very strong bonds.
19 of 20
Give 4 uses of nanoparticles
Huge S.A. to volume ratio so potentially used for industrial catalysts/Highly specific sensors (detect 1 type of molecule)/Strong light building materials/ cosmetics/nanomedicine (easily absorbed)/ Lubricant coatings/ conduct electricity
20 of 20

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Ionic bonding occurs between which types of elements?

Back

Metals and non-metals.

Card 3

Front

Non metals ______ electrons and become _____

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Metals ______ electrons and become ____

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What structure do they have? Describe it...

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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