A system of ranking, small groups are components of larger groups
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Taxon
Any group within a system of classification
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Homologous structure
Similar arrangement of component parts, similar development origin but different function
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Analogous structure
Have a corresponding function with similar shape, but have a different development origin
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Binomial system
The system of giving organisms a unique name, two parts, genus and species
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Biodiversity
Number of species and the number of individuals in each species in a specified region
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Polymorphism
The occurence of more than one phenotype in a population, cannot be accounted for by mutation alone
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Gas exchange
The diffusion of gases down a concentration gradient, across a respiratory surface, between an organism and its environment
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Respiratory surface
The site of gas exchange
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Metabolic rate
The rate of energy expenditure by the body
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Terrestrial organism
An organism that lives on land
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Operculum
Covering over the gills of a bony fish
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Stoma
Pore on lower leaf surface, bounded by two guard cells, gases and water vapour diffuse through
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Myogenic contraction
The heartbeat is initiated within the muscle cells themselves, not dependent on nervous/hormonal stimulation
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Sino-atrial node
An area of the heart muscle in right atrium, initiates a wave of electrical excitation across the atria
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Atrio-ventricular node
The only conducting area of tissue in the wall of the heart, between atria and ventricles, through electircal excitation passes from atria to conducting tissue in walls of ventricles
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Affinity
The degree to which two molecules are attracted to eachother
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Bohr effect
Movement of the oxygen dissociation curve to the right at higher partial pressure of carbon dioxide, because at a given oxygen partial pressure, haemoglobin has a lower affinity for oxygen
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Endodermis
A single layer of cells around the pericycle and vascular tissue of the root.
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Casparian *****
Impermeable band of suberin in cell walls of endodermal cells, blocking movement of water in apoplast, driving it into cytoplasm
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Cohesion
Attraction of water molecules for each other, seen as hydrogen bonds, resulting from dipole structure
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Transpiration
Evaporation of water vapour from the leaves or other above-ground parts of the pant, out through stomata into the atmosphere
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Translocation
The active movement of the soluble products of photosynthesis, such as sucrose and amino acids, through phloem, from sources to sinks
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Autotroph
Organism that synthesises its own complex organic molecules, from simpler molecules, using light/chemical energy
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Heterotroph
Organism that obtains complex organic molecules from other organisms
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Saprotroph
Organism that derives energy and raw materials for growth from extracellular digestion of dead or decaying material
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Parasite
An organism that obtains its nutrition from living in or on a host, which is harmed
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Ruminant
A cud-chewing herbivore that has mutualistic microbes in its rumen
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Mutualism
A close association of organisms from more than one species providing benefits to both
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