Britain

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  • Created by: baldrica
  • Created on: 19-03-17 08:56
What did the Children try to do in a 1950's Family?
Replicate their mothers and fathers respectively.
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What was attended on a weekly basis by a 1950's Family?
Church
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What was forbidden for parents to do?
Divorce; regardless of circumstances.
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How were classes divided in Primary School?
By ability, ages 5-11 and there were mixed-sex classes. Infants 5-7, juniors 7-11
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What were Secondary technical schools?
They specialized in mechanic and technical education; very few were established due to high costs.
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What were Secondary Modern Schools?
They served a general education, with over 70% of students attending them. Over 1/2 were mixed sex, and left @15 w/ a certificate.
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What were Grammar Schools?
They served a highly academic education, with 20% of students attending them. You stayed till 16 and took O-level exams; many went on to college then uni; single sex schools.
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What were the Eleven plus exams?
Instated in 1944: exam taken at the end of Junior school, and they decided what education system suited each child.
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What was the Tripartite System?
The Tripartite System was the arrangement of state-funded secondary education; grammar received the most money.
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Name 2 hobbies men enjoyed during the 1950's :
Popular hobbies; football, fishing and gardening.
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Name 2 hobbies women enjoyed during the 1950's :
Domestic craft hobbies; bingo, dance, swimming and tennis.
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Explain why families could do more activities together?
Families had more disposable income, as a result of the post war economic boom.
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What is a 'Wakes Week'?
Factories closed for 'Wakes Week' - workers went to the seaside; entire towns were deserted of workers.
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Summaries Working conditions in the 1950's
Very few suffered from absolute poverty' post war economic boom, rations ended; introduction of the welfare state; the Gov were forced to stop inflation by limiting wage increases.
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What was the welfare state?
Introduction of Benifits.
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Summaries Living conditions in the 1950's
Slum-like, outside toilets, small, dark, not safe, cold; Gov changed to improve standard of living - more space, new tech, look aesthetically pleasing and new public buildings.
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What were Women like in the 1950's?
Housewife, no jobs, mother, no independent money, no qualifications in significant skills, no divorce (must be married) and has 0 rights in divorce, limited rights but could vote.
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Explain why Women wanted to work in the 1950's?
For money, independence, initial pill was those that worked in WW2 and women were bored at home.
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Explain Immigration in the 1950's
Post war economic boom; not enough people to fill jobs. 1948 British nationality act made all commonwealth citizens British citizens; freedom of movement. Recruitment Campaigns; NHS (1948), transport groups + textile firms. Representatives to recruit
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Why did Immigrants come to Britain?
Britain was the mother country; better wages; many helped in WW2, many sent money back home to support families.
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How were Immigrants encouraged?
Interest free loans from the Gov for travel costs; London Transport provided hostels for the recruited.
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What was the reality for Immigrants?
Originally welcomed, but then racially abused + humiliated by whites; lack of housing, setup communities, pulled money together to afford homes; tension -> riots.
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What did Enoch Powell say in his 'Rivers of Blood' speech?
Mad for allowing Immigrants into the country; bordered on racist and was criticized; many secretly agree'd w/ him.
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Who were the 'Teddy Boy' gangs?
Immigrants taking jobs, 'Teddy Boy' sought to intimidate black when who were taking 'their women' and they believed they took generous welfare benefits and biased accommodation situations.
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What were the Notting HIll Race Riots?
August 23rd 1958, 1000 black and white youths fought each other in the St Ann's area of Nottingham; whites rioted. Whites chanted racist words, over 100 whites arrested.
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Why were the blacks angry following the riots?
Policed downplayed the racial element of the riot, 4000 imigrants returned tot he Caribbean, and official complaint form Caribbean Gov to British. Organisation for the Protection of Coloured People setup.
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What was the Comprehensive Experiment?
1964: 10% of pupils in comprehensive. 1965: Labour propose the comprehensive reform to the Local Education Authority. 1966: LEA's that promoted the system received higher funding; no choice.
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Why did people want the Comprehensive Experiment?
To remove any social advantage in education and to promote equality.
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Why did people not want the Comprehensive Experiment?
Excellent students were produced by the Grammar Schools; seen as an oppertunity.
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What were Comprehensive schools like?
Relaxed, disciplined, non uniform environment; lack of discipline and respect.
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What was the Plowden Report?
More child centered learning at primary school.
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What is the Blue Collar?
Industrial work (secondary sector)
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What is the White Collar?
Tertiary Sector; Office work.
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Explain reasons for the decline of the Blue Collar?
First nation to industrialise; loss of empire means more competition; large trade unions worked hard to secure best wages.
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Explain reasons for the growth of the While Collar?
High disposable income; increased demand for goods and services; automation; increased Gov spending on services such as health and education.
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What was the Equal Pay Act (1970)?
Equal pay for Equal work; remained voluntary until 1975 - then made mandatory.
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What was the Sex discrimination act (1975)?
It was made illegal to treat one gender less favorable than the other.
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What was the Employment Protection Act (1975)?
It became illegal to sack women as their pregnant.
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Name two acts that attempted to improve employee/employer relations
This ultimately failed; The industrial relations act (1971), the Trade union act and the Employment Protection Act (1975).
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What was the act that was implemented in 1974 that successfully improved working conditions?
The health and safety at work act.
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What changes were made to newspapers between the 1950's and the 1970's?
Broadsheets changed to tabloids, and began focusing on social affairs rather than political.
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In what (visual) way did newspapers change between the 1950's and the 1970's?
Headlines grew larger, images replaced a lot of text on the front page - colour supplements launched in 1962; eye-catching.
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How many cinemas closed between 1960 and 1965; why?
1040, cimema popuilarity plummeted due to the wide variety of shows hosted on TV; lack of appeal.
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What did many closed cinema's turn into?
Pubs, nightclubs or bingo halls.
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Explain what is meant by 'Rock n Roll Radio'?
Radio didn't suffer as people liked listening to music; rise in portable radios in the 70's (abortion of radio license in 1971); BBC refused to play modern R+R, lost youth audience.
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What were pirate stations?
Offshore radio stations; played Rock and Roll; 10 million people tuning in; ban attempt failed.
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Give 3 reasons why the Record Industry (lead by DECCA and EMI)
Transistor radios (portable), jukeboxes, able to launch stars (the Beatles and the rolling stones) and marketing.
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Explain Youth Culture in the 'Swinging sixties'
Post war baby boom, better lifestyles (earlier puberty), school leaving age increased; less time working, more with peers; and growth of production line meant teens earned more.
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Give examples of Teenagers during the 'Swinging sixties'
Mods, Rockers, Beatniks, Hippies, Skinheads; all sharing a sense of fun.
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How did the older generation see the youth?
Out of control - crime was on the rise, along with drugs and drinking.
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Who did the youth aspire to be like?
Celebrities.
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Why were the Beatles significant in the 'Swinging Sixties'?
Symbol, signed by EMI in 1963, led the British invasion in '64 of US charts and released movies; they were possible due to radio.
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Summaries the 'Swinging Sixties'
Classless; all could be successful. Britain, London, became the trend-setting capital of the world - copied by Americans. James Bond and the Mini (car) all symbols of British influence.
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What was Britain like outside of London in the 'Swinging Sixties'?
The revolution didn't happen all over Britain, the 'Cautious sixties'. Poverty was rife and many were shocked when exposed by a documentary.
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Explain the case of Derek Bentley and his execution
Mentally challenge, another boy (16) shot a police officer. Derek shouted 'Let him have it' when asked to give the gun, but instead the boy shot the officer; Derek didn't fire the gun - quote misinterpreted. Public out roar.
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Explain the case of Ruth Ellis and her execution
Murder - shot her boyfriend in 1955. Mother of 3, victim of abuse - believe to have had a miscarriage. Concept of women rights brought up; executed.
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Explain the case of Timothy Evans and his execution
Murder of his baby daughter in 1950. Josh Christie admitted to the murder. No other evidence apart from Evans being an alcoholic w/ a temper. Evans was mentally challenged, and Timothy was acquitted of his crime (after he was executed).
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Explain the reasons for the Abolishment of the Death Penalty in Britain.
Pressure groups; supported by many MP's; 1947 success, blocked by the House of Lords; Homicide act in 1957 was confusing and pleased no one.
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What year was the Death Penalty Abolished?
1964
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Explain the difference between Liberal and Traditional views on Britain
Traditional: no sex before marriage, homosexuality illegal, no abortion. Liberal: happiness and well being, easier divorce, homosexuality legal, abortion allowed and sex before marriage.
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What was the 1969 divorce reform act?
You could end a marriage after 2 years if both partners wanted it, and after 5 years if one. Before it was expensive and difficult to divorce.
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What was the 1970 Matrimonial Proceeding's and Property Act?
Women were awarded a large percentage of the estate when divorced; divorce rates increased.
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Why was abortion legalized in 1967?
Backstreet abortions carried a huge risk, and was the only way to get an abortion.
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How was homosexuality viewed?
A psychological disorder; lesbianism legal; 1957 decriminalized suggested for 21+; resistance in parliament; 1967 sex offences act finally decriminalized.
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What was the quote Conservative Candidates used for Birmingham?
'If you want a ****** for a neighbor vote labour'.
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What was the 1962 Commonwealth Immigrants Act?
Immigrants must have skills to enter.
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What was the 1965 and 1968 race relations act?
Banning of racial hatred in public.
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What was the 1966 Race Relations Board?
Dealt with complaints about racial discrimination.
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What was the 1968 Commonwealth Immigrants act?
Must have an employment voucher/British born parent.
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What was the 1971 Immigration act?
12 month work permits needed for entry.
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What was the 1976 Race relations act?
Tougher laws against racial discrimination.
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What was CND?
Campaign for nuclear disarmament 1958. Failed, despite popularity increase (20k marches in 1959 to 100k in 1961).
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What are the reasons for the growth of Student Protest?
Increase in Gov spending increased the number of students; most became politicized + radicalized due to ongoing Vietnam war _ influence in America; most violent portest 1968 (ran out of steam) because fighting between protest groups regarding Vietnam
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What was attended on a weekly basis by a 1950's Family?

Back

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Card 3

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What was forbidden for parents to do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How were classes divided in Primary School?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What were Secondary technical schools?

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