Bonding, Structure and Properties of Matter
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- Created by: Naomi Abbe
- Created on: 25-10-16 11:25
What are the three types of strong chemical bonds?
Ionic, Covalent and Metallic
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What specific types of particles does Ionic bonding occur in?
In compounds formed from metals combined with non-metals
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In ionic bonding, how are the charges of the ions related?
They are oppositely charged
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What specific types of particles does covalent bonding occur in?
In non-metallic elements and in compounds of non-metals
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In covalent bonding how are the electrons distibuted between each atom?
The electrons are shared in pairs
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What specific types of particles does metallic bonding occur in?
In metallic elements and alloys
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In metallic bonding how are the electrons distributed between each atom?
They share delocalised electrons (electrons that are not fixed to a specific atom)
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What is the charge of an atom and why is this?
0. They are neutral particles because the number of electrons (with a negative charge) is equal to the number of protons (with a positive charge).
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What are the three sub-atomic particles in an atom?
Protons, Electrons and Neutrons
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What is an Ion?
A charged particle that is formed when an atom gains electrons in its valence shell or loses electrons in its valence shell
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Why are all metals positively charged ions (CATIONS)?
Because they all lose electrons from their valence shell
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Why are all non-metals negatively charged ions (ANIONS)?
Because they all gain electrons in their valence shell
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What is ionic bonding?
It is the electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions
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Which method is used to represent ionic bonding?
Dott and Cross diagrams
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To work out the formula of an ionic compound what do you need to know?
The charge of each ion
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What is the difference between complex and simple ions?
Complex ions contain more than one element whereas simple ions only contain a single element
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How does the periodic table allow you to work out the charge of simple ions?
The group number tells you the number of electrons in the valence shell.
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What type of bonding is formed in group 4 elements?
Covalent bonding
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What three letters do negatively charged ions end in?
-IDE
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What element do ions that end in '-ate' contain?
Oxygen
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Name the 6 complex ions and their chemical formulas?
Hydroxide=OH^- Carbonate=CO3^2- Phosphate=PO4^3- Nitrate=NO3^- Sulfate=SO4^2- Ammonium=NH4^+
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What type of structure do ionic compounds have?
A giant ionic lattice (closely packed regular arrangement)
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What three different ways can ionic compounds be represented in?
Dott and Cross diagrams, 3D Models and Ball and Stick Models
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of dott and cross diagrams?
Advantages:They show how ionic compounds are formed. Disadvantages:They dont show the structure of the compound, the relative sizes of the ions or how the ions are arranged
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of 3D Models?
Advantages:They show the relative sizes of the ions and the regualr pattern in an ionic crystal. Disadvantages:They only let you see the outer layer of the compound and not the inside.
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of Ball and Stick Models?
Advantages:Show the regular pattern, how the ions are arranged and their relative sizes and they suggest that the crystal extends beyond what is shown. Disadvantages:Sometimes the ions arent show to scale and they suggest there are gaps between ions
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What is the atomic number of an atom?
The number of protons OR electrons
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What is the mass number of an atom?
The number of protons and neutrons added together OR the number of electrons and neutrons added together
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What is the elctronic structure of an atom?
The number of electrons on each shell
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What is the name given to particles in compounds that are formed from non-metals?
Molecules
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What is an the empirical formula of an ionic compound?
It is the simplest whole number ration of the ions present in an ionic compound
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How do you work out the empirical formula of an ionic compound from a dot and cross diagram?
You count the number of each ion
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How do you work out the formula of an ionic compound from a 3D Model?
Look at the name of each ion and find their group on the periodic table to work out their charges. Then work out the ratio of the charges.
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How do you work out the empirical formula of an ionic compound form a ball and stick model?
Work out the ratio of the charges of each ino shown in the diagram
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What are the properties of ionic compounds?
They are solid at room temperature, they have high melting and boiling points, conduct electricity when melted or dissolved in water and most are soluble in water(able to dissolve in water)
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Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?
Due to their strong electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions
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Why dont ionic compounds conduct electricity in a solid state?
Because the ions are held in fixed positions and arent free to move
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Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity in melted state and aqueous solutions?
Because the ions are free to move around
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What method is used to represent covalent bonding?
Dott and Cross diagrams
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In covalent bonding why do the atoms shair pairs of electrons?
To gain a full outer shell
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What are simple molecules?
They are molecules made up of only a few atoms joined by covalent bonds
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What are diatomic molecules?
They are 2 atoms of the same element joined by a covalent bond
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Name the 7 diatomic molecules and their chemical formula?
Iodine=I2 Hydrogen=H2 Nitrogen=N2 Bromine=Br2 Oxygen=O2 Chlorine=Cl2 Fluorine=F2
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What specific types of particles does Ionic bonding occur in?
Back
In compounds formed from metals combined with non-metals
Card 3
Front
In ionic bonding, how are the charges of the ions related?
Back
Card 4
Front
What specific types of particles does covalent bonding occur in?
Back
Card 5
Front
In covalent bonding how are the electrons distibuted between each atom?
Back
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