Biomedical science biology

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What is the arteries function?
Carry blood from the heart to the rest of the body (under high pressure)
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What is the arterioles function?
Carry blood from arteries to capillaries.
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What is capillaries function?
Exchange of materials with tissues (diffusion) and formation of tissue fluid.
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What is the veins function?
Return blood to the heart (under low pressure)
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What is the wall of an artery like?
Thick wall with a lot of muscle and elastic tissue to cope with the high pressure produced by the heartbeat.
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What is the wall of an arteriole like?
Walls contain mainly smooth muscle which contracts to reducing diameter of the lumen to reduce blood flow into capillaries. This process is important for regulating heat loss from the skin.
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What is the wall of a capillary like?
Wall is made up of endothelium which is one cell thick, meaning that there is a short diffusion distance.
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What is the wall of a vein like?
Thin wall with much less muscle and elastic tissue than an artery.
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What does a vein have to prevent back flow of blood?
Valves.
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What is the role of the aorta?
The aorta is the largest artery in the body. It carries oxygenated blood from the heart to different organs in the body.
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What is the role of the pulmonary artery?
Carries deoxygenated blood fro, the right ventricle to the lungs.
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What is the role of the atrioventricular valves?
Prevents backflow into atria when ventricles contract.
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What is the role of the tendinous cords?
Connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve in the heart.
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What is the role of coronary arteries?
Transport oxygenated blood to the heart muscles.
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What is the role of the vena cava?
Large vein which returns blood to the heart from the body.
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What is the role of the pulmonary vein?
Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
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What is the role of semilunar valves?
Regulate the flow of blood leaving the heart.
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Explain why atrial walls are thinner than ventricle walls.
Because the blood is pumped out of the heart at great pressure for it to be pumped around the body.
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Name the only major artery which carries deoxygenated blood.
Pulmonary artery.
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Name the only major vein which carries oxygenated blood.
Pulmonary vein.
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The left ventricle is 3X thicker than the right ventricle. Why is this?
Because the left ventricle has to pump blood further around the body, and against higher pressure.
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Put the four major blood vessels in order from highest to lowest.
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
Vena cava
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High blood pressure is responsible for the formation of tissue fluid in capillary beds. Suggest why it would be undesirable for blood pressure to be as high in the pulmonary artery as it is in the aorta.
It would force the tissue fluid out of the lung capillaries into the alveoli (so you would drown)
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Why is the human circulatory system a double system?
Blood passes through the heart twice per circuit.
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What are the advantages of a double system?
Blood can be pumped to the rest of the body at higher pressure.
Ensures oxygenated and deoxygenated blood don’t mix.
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Why is the human circulatory system a closed system?
Blood is confined to blood vessels.
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What is the feature that makes red blood cells flexible?
Biconcave structure.
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Describe two features of Gram-positive bacterial cell walls that cause the bacteria to appear violet/ purple.
Thick peptidoglyclan wall.
No outer membrane
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What is the formula for magnification?
Image size/actual size
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Give two functions of rough ER.
Makes proteins for the rest of the cell to function.
Sends proteins to the golgi apparatus.
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State what is meant by the team tissue.
A tissue is a group of cells joined together to do a specific function.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the arterioles function?

Back

Carry blood from arteries to capillaries.

Card 3

Front

What is capillaries function?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the veins function?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the wall of an artery like?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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