Biology Unit 2a Flashcards

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What does the Nucleus contain?
Genetic material that controls the activity of the cell.
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What is the Cytoplasm?
A gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen (contains enzymes).
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What does the cell membrane do?
Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out.
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What are the mitochondria?
the place where most of the reactions take place for respiration. (Releases the energy the cell needs to work.)
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What are ribosomes?
The place where the proteins are made.
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In plants, what is the rigid cell wall made of?
Cellulose. It supports and strengthens it.
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What does the permanent vacuole contain?
Cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts.
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What happens at the chloroplasts?
Photosynthesis.
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What do chloroplasts contain?
A green substance called chlorophyll.
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Yeast is a ? celled organism?
Single-celled.
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What do yeast cells consist of?
A nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane and cell wall.
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What do bacteria cells not have?
A nucleus.
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What do bacteria cella consist of?
A cytoplasm, cell membrane and cell wall.
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What is diffusion?
The spreading out of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
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What form does diffusion happen in?
Solutions & gasses.
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What causes a faster diffusion rate?
The bigger the difference in concentration.
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What do cell membranes do?
Hold the cell together and let stuff in and out too.
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Dissolved substances can move in and out of cells by...?
Diffusion.
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What examples of small molecules can diffuse through cell walls?
Oxygen, glucose, amino acids & water.
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What molecules cant fit through cell membrane?
Starch and proteins. (big molecules)
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What does it mean if there are a lot more particles on one side of the membrane?
Theres a net (overall) movement from that side.
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What are palisade leaf cells adapted for?
Photosynthesis.
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Why are most chloroplasts at the top of the cell in plants?
So they're closer to the light.
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What does a tall shape and large surface area help with in leaves?
Absorbs more C02
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What is the purpose of having a thin shape (leaf cell)?
So more can be at the top of the leaf where most of the photosynthesis happens.
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What are guard cells adapted to do?
Open and close pores.
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What happens when plants have lots of water?
The guard cells fill it with turgid (making it go plump)
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What do guard cells do when a plant is short of water?
The guard cells become flaccid, making the stomata close. This means water vapour doesn't escape.
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What shape are red blood cells?
Concave with a large surface area.
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What are red blood cells packed with?
Haemoglobin - the pigment that absorbs oxygen.
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Why do red blood cells have no nucleus?
To leave more room for haemoglobin.
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What reserves does the egg cell contain?
Food reserves.
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What do sperm carry on their heads?
Enzymes to digest through the egg cell membrane.
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What is the process in which cells become specialised?
Differentiation.
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What is a tissue?
A group of cells that work together to carry out a particular function.
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Give three examples of tissues and their job in the stomach.
Muscular tissue (moves stomach to churn up food) , glandular tissue (makes digestive juices), epithelial tissue (covers outside/inside of stomach).
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What is an organ system.
A group of organs working together to perform a particular function.
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What does the liver produce?
Bile.
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What does the small intestine do?
Absorbs soluble food molecules.
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What does the large intestine do?
Absorbs water from undigested food. (leaving faeces)
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What are plants made up of?
Organs such as stems, roots and leaves.
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What is mesophyll tissue?
Where most photosynthesis occurs.
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What do the xylem and phloem do?
transport water, mineral ions and sucrose around the plant.
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what does epidermal tissue cover?
The whole of the plant.
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What does chlorophyll do?
Absorbs sunlight and converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose.
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What is the equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon Dioxide+water -----------(sunlight/chlorophyll)---------- Glucose + oxygen
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What is a limiting factor?
Something that is stopping photosynthesis from happening any faster.
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How can plants use glucose?
For respiratio, making cell walls, making proteins, to be stored in seeds, and stored as starch.
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What factors affect where an organism is found?
Temperature, water, oxygen and C02 levels, nutrients, amount of light.
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What do you use quadrats for?
Studying the distribution of small organisms.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the Cytoplasm?

Back

A gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen (contains enzymes).

Card 3

Front

What does the cell membrane do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are the mitochondria?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are ribosomes?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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