Biology OCR A2 Genetic Terminology

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  • Created by: JessicaL
  • Created on: 01-05-13 20:07
Chromosomes
A length of DNA and associated proteins found in the nucleus of Eukaryotic cells. The DNA contains genetic infomration coded in the base sequence of genes and is used to make polypeptides (can be made of 1 or 2 chromatids).
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Chromatid
A single strand of DNA with associated proteins coding for polypeptides in its genes. (a.k.a chromosome).
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Two Chromatids
Are also known as Sister Chromatids or a Chromosome.
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One Chromatid
Is still known as a Chromosome.
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Centromere
The point of attachment of sister chromatids in a chromosome. Attaches to the spindle during cell division.
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Gene
A length of DNA coding for one polypeptide. This is a structural gene.
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Locus
Position of a gene on a chromosome.
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Allele
A particular form of a gene.
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Genome
The complete genetic makeup of a particular organism.
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Diploid
Two sets of chromosomes (2n).
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Haploid
One set of chromosomes (n).
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Homologous Chromosomes/Homologue
Are identical in their genes and the gene loci. They may differ in their alleles.
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Bivalent
Two homologous chromosomes together (a pair).
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Phenotype
The set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
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Genotype
The genetic makeup of an individual organism.
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Homozygous
An organism with two identical alleles of the same gene.
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Heterozygous
An organism with two different alleles of the same gene gene.
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Dominant
An allele is dominant if it is always expressed in the phenotype. (with an identical allele or the absence of a dominant allele).
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Recessive
An allele, only expressed in the phenotype, in the presence of another identical allele or the absence of a dominant allele for the same gene.
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Codominant
Two alleles of the same gene that are both expressed in the phenotype.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Chromatid

Back

A single strand of DNA with associated proteins coding for polypeptides in its genes. (a.k.a chromosome).

Card 3

Front

Two Chromatids

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

One Chromatid

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Centromere

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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