Biology topic 1
- Created by: LauraNannini
- Created on: 15-04-20 08:22
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- Topic 1
- Biological molecules
- Water
- H2O- H has a slight possitive charge and O has a slight negative charge.
- Hydrogen bonds form in between water molecules
- This is due to the hydrogen and oxygen charges attract each other on other water molecules
- They have a dipole and are polar
- This is due to the hydrogen and oxygen charges attract each other on other water molecules
- Keeps environments stable
- Easily accessible as it needs 4200 KJ to raise it by 1 degree
- Metabolite
- used in: aerobic respiration, photosynthesis, digestion
- A solvent
- Dissolves soluble substances which lets them flow freely
- Cohesion- water molecules stick together
- Adhesion- water molecules stick to other things
- Surface tension- net direction downwards on water surface due to cohesion of water molecules
- Water
- Carbohydrates
- Disaccarides
- Maltose
- Alpha glucose + alpha glucose
- Lactose
- Beta Glucose + galactose
- Sucrose
- Alpha glucose + fructose
- A glycosidic bond holds two monosaccharides together to make a disaccharide
- Maltose
- Monosaccharides
- Alpha glucose
- Beta Glucose
- Galactose
- Fructose
- Disaccharides to monosaccharides = HYDROLYSIS
- Monosaccharide to Disaccharide = condensation reaction
- Test for Sugars
- Reducing sugars
- 1. Add Benedicts solutions. 2. Heat to 80 degrees in a water bath 3. Orange-red percipitate forms if present
- Non-reducing sugars
- 1. Boil the substance in dilute acid 2. Neutralize by adding hydrogen carbonate 3. Add benedicts solution- if clear it is a non-reducing sugar
- Reducing sugars
- Disaccarides
- Biological molecules
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