There are many chloroplasts close to the surface of the leaf; Lots of air spaces for gas diffusion; Stomata to allow the diffusion or gases in and out of the leaf
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How are alveoli adapted for gas exchange?
There are millions of alveoli that have a large, moist surface area, rich blood supply and small distance for gas to diffuse as they are close to the capillaries
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How are stomata adapted?
Guard cells take in water and bend which causes the stomata to open. When water is scarce, the stomata change shape and close which prevents transpiration; At night they are closed as carbon dioxide is not needed for photosynthesis
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What is a prokaryotic cell?
Bacterial cell
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What is a eukaryotic cell?
Plant, animal and fungal cells
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What does cytoplasm do in a prokaryotic cell?
Takes over the roles of mitochondria and ribosomes
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What are plasmids?
Circles of DNA that can be transferred from one cell to another
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What is the equation for magnification?
Magnification=size of image / size of real object
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What are pathogens?
Microorganisms that cause infectious (Communicable) diseases in both plants and animals
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How can pathogens spread?
-Direct contact -Water or air -Vectors e.g mosquitos
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What are the side effects of measels?
Fever and a red skin rash
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How is measels spread?
It is caused by a virus and is spread by breathing in droplets from sneezes and coughs
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What are the side effects of HIV?
Causes a flu-like illness however, if left untreated, can develop into AIDS which means that the body cannot fight off any diseases
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Why do bacteria and viruses make us feel ill?
They produce toxins which cause the body to react e.g causing fever, vomiting ect
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What is a protist?
Single celled eukaryotic organism which uses a particular type of mosquito as a vector
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What prevents pathogens entering our bodies?
Mucus, enzymes in tears, nose hairs, cilia, hydrochloric acid in the stomach, sebaceous glands in skin which produce sebum
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What happens during phagocytosis?
White blood cells engulf the microorganism and ingest it which destroys them and prevents infection
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What is the word equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide + water -(light)-> glucose + oxygen
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What is the symbol equation for photosynthesis?
CO + H O --> C H O + O
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What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen --> Carbon dioxide + water
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What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?
Glucose --> Lactic acid
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How are alveoli adapted for gas exchange?
Back
There are millions of alveoli that have a large, moist surface area, rich blood supply and small distance for gas to diffuse as they are close to the capillaries
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