Biology
- Created by: alicebeal
- Created on: 21-04-15 16:24
Mouth
Where food enters the alimentary canal and digestion begins.
Mechanical digestion by the teeth.
Salivary Glands
Produce saliva containing amylase; which breaks down starch and makes food easier to swallow.
Oesophagus
Muscular tube which moves ingested food to the stomach using peristalsis.
Stomach
Muscular organ where digestion begins.
Pancreas
Produces digestive enzymes.
Gall bladder
Stores bile.
Liver
Produces bile.
Small intestine - duodenum
Where food is mixed with digestive enzymes and bile.
Small intestine - ileum
Where digested food is absorbed into the blood and lymph.
Large intestine - colon
Where water is reabsorbed.
Rectum
Where faeces are stored.
Anus
Where faeces leave the alimentary canal.
Enzymes
Proteins that function as biological catalysts.
Salivary amylase
Substrate- Starch
End-product- Maltose
Where produced- Salivary glands
Protease
Substrate- Protein
End-product- Amino acids
Where produced- Stomach, pancreas
Lipase
Substrate- Lipids (fats and oils)
End-product- Fatty acids and glycerol
Where produced- Pancreas
Pancreatic amylase
Substrate- Starch
End-product- Maltose
Where produced- Pancreas
Maltase
Substrate- Maltose
End-product- Glucose
Where produced- Small intestine
Hydrochloric acid
Produced in the stomach to create an acidic condition.
Kills harmful microorganisms.
Bile
Neutralises the acid
Emulsifies fats
Small intestine - ileum
Small intestine - enzymes
Enzymes in the small intestine work best in alkaline conditions.
Specificity
Each enzyme can only work on a particular substrate.
Body temperature
37 degrees
Linked to the optimum temperature for many enzymes
Enzyme substrate complex
When the enzyme active site and substrate bind to create an enzyme substrate complex.
Villi
Increases surface area on the small intestine.
Low temperatures
Molecules move slower so the enzyme and substrte are less likely to collide.
High temperatures
The enzyme active site changes shape - denaturing.
(also at high or low pH values)
Rate of reaction
calculate the temperature coefficient, Q10
Q10= rate at higher temperature
rate at lower temperature
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