Biology B2.4

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  • Created by: TillyF
  • Created on: 03-02-17 05:35
Word equation of aerobic respiration?
glucose + oxygen ---> carbon dioxide + water (+ energy)
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What happens during aerobic respiration?
During respiration, glucose reacts with oxygen. This reaction releases energy that your cells use. This energy is vital for everything that goes on in your body, CO2 and water are produced as waste products.
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What can we use to show that an organism is respiring?
Using lime water we can detect carbon dioxide, lime water turns cloudy when carbon dioxide bubbles through it. This gives us a clear indication if an organism is respiring. We can also look for a rise in temperature to show energy is being released.
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Where in a cell does respiration take place?
Aerobic respiration involves lots of chemical reactions. Each reaction is controlled by a different enzyme, Most of these reactions take place in the mitochondria of your cells.
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What are the features of the mitochondria that enable it to be suitable for aerobic respiration?
They have a folded inner membrane, providing a large surface area for the enzymes involves in aerobic respiration
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How can we tell how active a cell is?
The number of mitochondria in a cell shows how active a cell is
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Reason (1) for respiration?
The basic functions of life, to build up large molecules from smaller ones to make new cell material. The energy released by respiration are used for these 'building' activities. eg.nitrates &nutrients built up into amino acids, built into proteins
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Reason (2) for respiration?
In animals, respiration is used to make muscles contract, that are working all the time. All muscular activities use energy.
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Reason (3) for respiration?
Mammals and birds keep their bodies at a constant temperature inside regardless of the temperature outside. On cold days you will use energy to keep warm, on hot days this energy is used to sweat and keep cool.
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What do our muscles do?
Our muscles contract and move us around and help support your body against gravity. Muscles also move the food you eat along your gut and the heart muscle pumps blood around your body.
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What does muscle tissue contain?
Protein fibres
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What happens when energy is supplied to protein fibres?
The muscle fibres contract, which requires a lot of energy, hence why they contain many mitochondria to carry out aerobic respiration.
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Why do muscle protein fibres contain a lot of mitochondria?
To carry out aerobic respiration and supply the energy needed
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Where do muscle fibres occur?
Muscle fibres occur in big blocks or groups known as muscles, which contract to cause movement. They then relax, allowing other muscles to work.
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What do muscles store glucose as?
Muscles store glucose as the carbohydrate glycogen, which can quickly be converted into glucose to use during exercise for aerobic respiration.
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What happens to the way we respire during exercise?
During exercise, our muscles contract harder and faster, as a result, they need more glucose and oxygen to supply their energy needs. More carbon dioxide is also produced, this as a result must be removed for the muscles to keep working effectively.
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What happens when we exercise? (mention heart rate and arteries)
During exercise, your heart rate increases and the arteries supplying the blood to your muscles dilate (widen).
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What is the effect of an increased heart rate and dilated arteries?
An increased blood flow to your exercising muscles, increasing the supply of oxygen and glucose to the muscles, as well as increasing the rate of carbon dioxide removal
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What happens when we exercise (breathing rate)?
Your breathing rate increases and you breathe more deeply, you breathe more often and also bring more air into your lungs each time you breathe in.
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What does an increased breathing rate help during exercise?
Increases oxygen brought into your body and picked up by your red blood cells. This oxygen is carries out to your exercising muscles, meaning that more carbon dioxide can be removed from the blood in the lungs and breathed out.
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What are the benefits of exercise?
Heart and lungs become larger, they both develop a bigger and more efficient blood supply. This means they function as effectively as possible, whether exercising or not.
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What is anaerobic respiration?
The release of energy without sufficient oxygen present
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Where do muscle cells receive energy from during anaerobic respiration?
The muscle cells receive energy from glucose
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What is produced during anaerobic respiration?
lactic acid
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Why is lactic acid produced during anaerobic respiration?
In anaerobic respiration, glucose is not broken down completely, producing lactic acid instead of carbon dioxide and water
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Why do unfit people's muscles produce lactic acid much quicker and get fatigued much quicker?
When you are fit, your heart and lungs are larger and stronger and will be able to keep a good supply of oxygen to the muscles whilst exercising, if you are unfit, your muscles will run short of oxygen much sooner.
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What is one of the reasons for muscle fatigue?
Using your muscle fibres vigorously for a long time, we can make them become fatigued and stop working properly.
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What can lactic acid cause? How is this substance created?
Lactic acid can cause muscle fatigue when it builds up, it is made by anaerobic respiration in the muscle cells. Blood flowing through the muscles removes lactic acid.
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Why is anaerobic respiration not as efficient as aerobic respiration?
During anaerobic respiration, glucose molecules are not broken down completely, so far lass energy is released than during aerobic respiration.
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What is the work equation of anaerobic respiration?
glucose ---> lactic acid (+ energy)
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What is oxygen debt?
The amount of oxygen needed to break down the excess lactic acid to carbon dioxide and water.
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Why does breathing rate after exercising remain fast and deep? (after anaerobic respiration)
To provide oxygen to the muscles, to break down the lactic acid produced during anaerobic respiration
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What happens during aerobic respiration?

Back

During respiration, glucose reacts with oxygen. This reaction releases energy that your cells use. This energy is vital for everything that goes on in your body, CO2 and water are produced as waste products.

Card 3

Front

What can we use to show that an organism is respiring?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Where in a cell does respiration take place?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are the features of the mitochondria that enable it to be suitable for aerobic respiration?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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