Biology 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyModule 4.1ASOCR Created by: Tyler-Louise2001Created on: 15-04-18 14:14 Pathogen A microorganism that causes disease 1 of 36 Direct Transmission Passing a pathogen from host to new host, with no intermediary 2 of 36 Indirect Transmission Passing a pathogen from host to new host, via a vector 3 of 36 Transmission Passing a pathogen from an infected individual to an uninfected individual 4 of 36 Vector An organism that carries a pathogen from one host to another 5 of 36 Callose A large polysaccharide deposit that blocks old phloem sieve tubes 6 of 36 Inflammation Swelling and redness of tissue caused by infection 7 of 36 Mucous Membrane Specialised epithelial tissue that is covered by mucus 8 of 36 Primary Defences Prevent pathogens entering the body 9 of 36 Antigen-Presenting Cells A cell that isolates the antigen from a pathogen and places it on plasma membrane so that it can be recognised by other cells in the immune system 10 of 36 Clonal Selection Selection of a specific B or T cell that is specific to the antigen 11 of 36 Cytokines Hormone-like molecules used in cell signalling to stimulate the immune response 12 of 36 Neutrophil A type of white blood cell that engulfs foreign matter and traps it in a large vacuole which fuses with lysosomes to digest the foreign matter 13 of 36 Oposins roteins that bind to the antigen on a pathogen and then allow phagocytes to bind 14 of 36 Antibodies Specific proteins released by plasma cells that can attach to pathogenic antigens 15 of 36 B Memory Cells Cells that remain in the blood for a long time, providing long-term immunity 16 of 36 Clonal Expansion An increase in the number of cells by mitotic cell division 17 of 36 Interleukins Signalling molecules that are used to communicate between different white blood cells 18 of 36 Plasma Cells Derived from the B lymphocytes, these are cells that manufacture antibodies 19 of 36 T Helper Cells Cells that release signalling molecules to stimulate the immune response 20 of 36 T Killer Cells Cells that attack and destroy our own body cells that are infected by a pathogen 21 of 36 T Memory Cells Cells that remain in the blood for a long time, providing long-term immunity 22 of 36 T Regulator Cells Cells that are involved with inhibiting or ending the immune response 23 of 36 Agglutinins Antibodies that cause pathogens to stick together 24 of 36 Anti-Toxins Antibodies that render toxins harmless 25 of 36 Primary Immune Response The initial response caused by first infectiom 26 of 36 Secondary Immune Response A more rapid and vigorous response caused by a second or subsequent infection by the same pathogen 27 of 36 Active Immunity The immune system is activated and manufactures its own antibodies 28 of 36 Artficial Immunity Immunity that is achieved as a result of medical intervention 29 of 36 Epidemic A rapid spread of a disease through a high proportion of the population 30 of 36 Natural Immunity Immunity achieved through normal life processes 31 of 36 Passive Immunity Immunity achieved when antibodies ae passed to the individual through breast feeding or injection 32 of 36 Vaccination A way of stimulating an immune response so that immunity is achieved 33 of 36 Antibiotic A chemical whcih pevents the growth of microorganisms-Antibacterial or Antifungal 34 of 36 Personalised Medicine The development of designer medicines for individuals 35 of 36 Synthetic Biology The re-engineering of biology 36 of 36
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